Technologies: Difference between revisions - Consumerium development wiki

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{{Q|'''Technology''' ("science of craft", from [[w:Ancient Greek|Greek]] τέχνη, ''techne'', "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, ''[[w:wikt:-logia|-logia|]]'') is the collection of [[w:Art techniques and materials|techniques]], [[w:skill|skill]]s, [[w:Scientific method|methods]], and [[w:Business process|processes]] used in the production of [[w:Good (economics)|goods]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as [[w:scientific investigation|scientific investigation]].|Wikipedia|technology}}

[[File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Planet Earth. Lets try to promote good tech and warn about and counteract bad tech.]]

{{Q|'''Technology''' ("science of craft", from [[w:Ancient Greek|Greek]] τέχνη, ''techne'', "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, ''[[w:wikt:-logia|-logia]]'') is the collection of [[w:Art techniques and materials|techniques]], [[w:skill|skill]]s, [[w:Scientific method|methods]], and [[w:Business process|processes]] used in the production of [[w:Good (economics)|goods]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as [[w:scientific investigation|scientific investigation]].|Wikipedia|technology}}

This article aims to gather tech relevant for the well being of the populations and the planet. Technology can be used for good and evil this is a good reason to keep up-to-date on the problems and opportunities and good solutions.

'''Search for more technologies'''

* [https://www.connectedpapers.com/ '''Explore connected papers in a visual graph'''' at connectedpapers.com]

= Automation =

[[File:Velib automated bike rentals.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Automated locking system makes bikesharing efficient.]]

{{Q|'''Automation''' is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance.|Wikipedia|[[w:automation|automation]]}}

[[~~File~~:~~Velib automated bike rentals~~.~~jpg|thumb|right|200px|Automated locking system~~ makes ~~bikesharing efficient~~.]]

== Robotics ==

* [https://www.jpost.com/health-science/israeli-doctors-get-help-from-unlikely-source-robots-635376 ''''''Israeli doctors get help from unlikely source: robots'''''' at jpost.com]

== Information automation ==

* [https://venturebeat.com/2020/07/23/amazon-makes-contact-lens-generally-available/ ''''Amazon makes Contact Lens generally available'''' at venturebeat.com], July 2020 reporting on [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon]]'s ''Contact Lens'' contact center automation system.

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= AI =

= Computing =

== AI ==

[[File:AI-ML-DL.svg|thumb|right|420px|A [[w:Venn diagram]] that describes the relations of '''[[w:Artificial intelligence]]''' ('''AI'''), '''[[w:Machine learning]]''' ('''ML''') and '''[[w:Deep learning]]''' ('''DL''') according to some source.]]

{{Q|'''Artificial intelligence''' ('''AI'''), sometimes called '''machine intelligence''', is [[w:intelligence|intelligence]] demonstrated by [[w:machine|machine]]s, in contrast to the '''natural intelligence''' displayed by humans and animals. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is used to describe machines that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other [[w:human mind|human mind]]s, such as "learning" and "problem solving".|Wikipedia|[[w:artificial intelligence|AI]]}}

* [[w:Applications of artificial intelligence]]

''' Learn '''

''' AI ethics courses '''

* https://ethics-of-ai.mooc.fi/ by the [[w:University of Helsinki]]

''' AI courses '''

* [https://www.coursera.org/learn/ai-for-everyone ''''''AI For Everyone''''''' at coursera.org] by Andrew Ng<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses" />

* [https://www.coursera.org/learn/introduction-to-ai ''''''Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)''''''' at coursera.org] by Rav Ahuja and offered by [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* [https://www.coursera.org/specializations/ai-foundations-for-everyone ''''''AI Foundations for Everyone Specialization''''''' at coursera.org] by Rav Ahuja and offered by [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* [https://www.coursera.org/professional-certificates/applied-artifical-intelligence-ibm-watson-ai ''''''IBM Applied AI Professional Certificate''''''' at coursera.org] by Rav Ahuja and offered by [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* [https://www.udemy.com/course/artificial-intelligence-reinforcement-learning-in-python/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence: Reinforcement Learning in Python''''''' at udemy.com] (for-a-small-fee)<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* [https://www.datacamp.com/ ''''''Learn Data Science Online''''''' at datacamp.com] has free tier and enterprise-tier<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* [https://www.edx.org/course/cs50s-introduction-to-artificial-intelligence-with-python ''''''CS50's Introduction to Artificial Intelligence with Python''''''' at edx.org] from the [[w:Harvard University]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* [https://www.edx.org/course/artificial-intelligence-ai ''''''Artificial Intelligence (AI)''''''' at edx.org] from the [[w:Columbia University]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* [https://www.edx.org/course/artificial-intelligence-for-everyone ''''''AI for Everyone: Master the Basics''''''' at edx.org] from [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* [https://www.edx.org/course/AI-chatbots-without-programming ''''''AI Chatbots without Programming''''''' at edx.org] from [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

* https://www.elementsofai.com/ - a free-of-charge 2 CU introductory course to AI made by the [[w:University of Helsinki|University of Helsinki]] and [https://www.reaktor.com/ Reaktor Group Ltd]

* http://introtodeeplearning.com/ - a free-of-charge introductory course to AI made by [[w:Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]

* https://korbit.ai/machinelearning - "LEARN AI WITH AN AI" by Korbit.ai

* [https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning ''''Machine Learning'''' by Andrew Ng at coursera.org]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.facebook.com/groups/2059467967664033/ 'Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning' Facebook group</ref> offered by the [[w:Stanford University]]

* [https://www.edx.org/course/AI-applications-with-watson ''''''AI Applications with Watson''''''' at edx.org] from [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>

*'''AI Foundations for Everyone Specialization'''

*# [https://www.coursera.org/learn/introduction-to-ai '''Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)''' at coursera.org] offered by IBM

*# [https://www.coursera.org/learn/ai-with-ibm-watson '''Getting

Started with AI using IBM Watson''' at coursera.org]<ref group="1st seen in" name="MLTut2020" /> offered by IBM

*# [https://www.coursera.org/learn/building-ai-powered-chatbots '''Building AI Powered Chatbots Without Programming'' at coursera.org]<ref group="1st seen in" name="MLTut2020" /> offered by IBM

''' Lists of AI courses '''

* [https://www.mltut.com/best-certification-courses-for-artificial-intelligence/ '''Best Certification Courses for Artificial Intelligence - Beginner to Advanced''' at mltut.com] <ref group="1st seen in" name="MLTut2020">

https://www.mltut.com/best-certification-courses-for-artificial-intelligence/ via comment by Aqsa Zafar to post https://www.facebook.com/groups/2059467967664033/permalink/2977621252515362/ in ''Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning'' Facebook group</ref>

* [https://yolearner.com/best-artificial-intelligence-courses/ ''''Top 10 Artificial Intelligence Courses by World’s Best University'''' at YoLearner.com]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses">

Aditya Singh‎ → "Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning" https://www.facebook.com/groups/2059467967664033/permalink/2769532309990925/

</ref>

See also [[List of free education]] for education resources into other subjects.

''' Useful resources '''

* [https://github.com/pawangeek/Deep-NLP-Resources List of Natural Language Processing (NLP) Resources] curated by pawangeek

''' For Consumerium '''

* [[w:Firebase#ML_Kit|ML Kit for Firebase]] is a mobile [[w:machine learning|machine learning]] system for developers. It can be used to recognize [[barcodes]] and QR-codes. <ref>https://medium.com/@bapspatil/ok-ml-kit-how-smart-are-you-83c9e58b7330</ref>

''' Reviews and regulation '''

* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'] at the [[w:Library of Congress]] (loc.gov)

** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]

** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]

** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]

** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]

** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]

** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]

** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

''' From Europe'''

* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]

''' From private companies'''

[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]] (gibsondunn.com) is a global [[w:law firm|law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890. They publish a quarterly legal update on "Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems"

* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2018' at Gibson & Dunn]

* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']

* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']

* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']

* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']

''' Fields '''

AI is can be divided to multiple subfields:

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* '''[[w:Robotics]]'''

== Neuromorphic computing ==

'''[[w:Neuromorphic engineering]]''' is also known as '''neuromorphic computing''' is a concept developed by [[w:Carver Mead]], in the late 1980s, describing the use of [[w:very-large-scale integration]] (VLSI) systems containing electronic [[w:analog circuit]]s to mimic neuro-biological architectures present in the nervous system. In recent times, the term ''neuromorphic'' has been used to describe analog, digital, mixed-mode analog/digital VLSI, and software systems that implement models of [[w:neural system]]s (for [[w:perception]], [[w:motor control]], or [[w:multisensory integration]]). (Adapted from Wikipedia)

* [https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/artificial-intelligence/machine-learning/intels-neuromorphic-nose-learns-scents-in-just-one-sniff ''''''Intel’s Neuromorphic Nose Learns Scents in Just One Sniff'''''' at spectrum.ieee.org] 2016 reporting

* [https://www.artiba.org/blog/neuromorphic-computing-the-next-level-artificial-intelligence ''''''Neuromorphic Computing: The Next-Level Artificial Intelligence'''''' at artiba.org] 2020 reporting

== Quantum computing and communication ==

* [https://opg.optica.org/optica/fulltext.cfm?uri=optica-11-12-1700&id=565936 '''''Quantum teleportation coexisting with classical communications in optical fiber''''' at opg.optica.org]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.techspot.com/news/106066-engineers-achieve-quantum-teleportation-over-active-internet-cables.html</ref>, a 2024 study by scientists of the [[w:Northwestern University]], published in [[w:Optica (journal)]]

Reporting on the quantum teleportation breakthrough

* [https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/12/first-demonstration-of-quantum-teleportation-over-busy-internet-cables/ '''''First demonstration of quantum teleportation over busy Internet cables''''' at news.northwestern.edu]

* [https://www.techspot.com/news/106066-engineers-achieve-quantum-teleportation-over-active-internet-cables.html '''''Engineers achieve quantum teleportation over active internet cables''''' at techspot.com]

== The SAFE Network (transcluded) ==

[[mw:Help:Transclusion|Transcluded]] from article on [[SAFE Network]]

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= Ecological tech =

There are various interesting ecological technologies being piloted.

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== Hydrogen purified steel ==

== Hydrogen ==

'''HYBRIT''' an abbreviation of '''HY'''drogen '''BR'''eakthrough '''I'''ronmaking '''T'''echnology, where iron for steel making is not purified by a process called coking, but instead using massive amounts of hydrogen to purify it.

[[File:Dihydrogen-2D-dimensions.png|thumb|right|240px|The distance of the hydrogen atoms in a H<sub>2</sub> molecule. Pico is 1×10<sup>−12</sup> m, or one trillionth (1/1000000000000) of a metre]]

Hydrogen can be produced by from [[w:water|water]] by [[w:electrolysis|electrolysis]] even on an industrial scale, with [[#Hydrogen panels]] or from [[w:hydrocarbon|hydrocarbon]]s by [[w:steam reforming|steam reforming]].

Hydrogen fuel produced from (locally) harvested energy either by hydrogen panels or electrolysis plants can be considered and is being widely marketed as carbon-free, whereas steam reforming from other fuels causes carbon emissions.

{{Q|The '''[[w:Hydrogen economy|Hydrogen economy]]''' is the use of [[w:hydrogen fuel|hydrogen]] as a low carbon [[w:fuel|fuel]], particularly for [[w:Central heating#Environmental aspects|heating]], [[w:Hydrogen Vehicles|hydrogen vehicles]],<ref>[http://www.iphe.net/docs/Resources/Power_trains_for_Europe.pdf A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis]</ref> [[w:Underground hydrogen storage|seasonal energy storage]] and long distance transport of [[w:energy|energy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|IEA H2|2019|p=13}}</ref>|Wikipedia|definition of [[w:hydrogen economy|hydrogen economy]]}}

=== Hydrogen panels ===

Researchers from [[w:KU Leuven|KU Leuven]], Belgium have created [[w:solar hydrogen panel]]s, that convert water vapor to hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight.

* [https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research-stories/2019/solar-hydrogen-panels 'Green Energy Breakthrough Thanks to KU Leuven Scientists' at kuleuven.be]. Quote: "The panel is able to directly convert no less than 15 per cent of sunlight into hydrogen gas, Which is a world record."

* [https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2019/ku-leuven-researchers-hydrogen-gas-panel KU Leuven News: 'Looking past the hype: KU Leuven researchers shed more light on their hydrogen panel'] (March 2019)

=== Hydrogen aviation ===

* [https://www.zeroavia.com/ ZeroAvia.com] has been developing [[w:fuel cell|fuel cell]]-based [[w:powertrain|powertrain]]s for aviation.

''' Links '''

* [https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1006 'ZeroAvia’s Hydrogen-Fueled Powertrain for Zero-Emission Aircraft' at AZoCleanTech.com]

* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-21/airbus-unveils-hydrogen-powered-designs-for-zero-emission-flight 'Airbus Unveils Hydrogen Designs for Zero-Emission Flight' at Bloomberg.com] reports in September 2020, that [[w:Airbus]] is working on three hydrogen plane designs.

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=== Hydrogen purified steel ===

'''HYBRIT''' is an abbreviation of '''HY'''drogen '''BR'''eakthrough '''I'''ronmaking '''T'''echnology, where iron for steel making is not purified by a process called coking, but instead using massive amounts of hydrogen to purify it.

[[w:SSAB]] and partners are building a small-scale pilot production line in Luleå, Sweden, slated to be launched in 2020.

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~~== Food from air and electricity ==~~

~~In Finland Solar Foods Ltd. has demonstrated making protein called Solein with renewable electricity and CO2 as raw material and are building their first real plant soon.~~

~~Water demand of this~~ new ~~method is fraction~~ of ~~plant~~-based ~~nutrition, let alone meats~~ and it is ~~slightly CO2 negative if~~ the ~~electricity is not from CO2 emitting~~ power ~~plants~~.

== Ecological electric ==

=== Sodium batteries ===

[[File:Na (Sodium).jpg|thumb|right|260px|[[w:Chemical element]] with symbol [[w:Na]] and [[w:atomic number]] 11 is in abundant supply as it can be harvested from seawater.]]

'''Scientific articles'''

* [https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/cs/c6cs00776g#!divAbstract ''''Sodium-ion batteries: present and future'''' at pubs.rsc.org] published in [[w:Chemical Society Reviews]] issue 12, 2017

'''Reporting'''

* [https://www.intelligentliving.co/improved-sodium-ion-battery/ ''''''Improved Sodium-Ion Battery Could Rival Lithium-Ion Models'''''', July 2020 reporting at intelligentliving.co

==== Broadbit sodium batteries ====

* http://www.broadbit.com/ is a technology company developing revolutionary new batteries using novel sodium-based chemistries to power the future green economy.

==== IBM sodium batteries ====

* [https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/12/heavy-metal-free-battery/ 'Free of Heavy Metals, New Battery Design Could Alleviate Environmental Concerns' at IBM Research Blog], a Dec 2018 post

=== Plant-based batteries and supercapacitors ===

{{Q|A '''[[w:supercapacitor|supercapacitor]]''' is a high-capacity [[w:capacitor|capacitor]] with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors, but with lower voltage limits, that bridges the gap between [[w:electrolytic capacitor|electrolytic capacitor]]s and [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]]. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more [[w:specific energy|energy per unit volume or mass]] than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more [[w:charge and discharge cycle|charge and discharge cycle]]s than [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]].|Wikipedia|definition of a supercapacitator}}

{{Q|Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles, rather than long term compact energy storage — in automobiles, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they are used for [[w:Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]], short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power delivery.|Wikipedia|uses of supercapacitors}}

Spent '''[[w:hemp|hemp]]''' has been studied for use in electrical engineering.

* [https://~~solarfoods~~.fi/ ~~Solar Foods Ltd~~. ~~official website~~]

* [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn400731g 'Interconnected Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Hemp for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy'], a 2014 scientific article published in [[w:ACS Nano]], a monthly, [[w:peer review|peer-reviewed]], [[w:scientific journal]], published by the [[w:American Chemical Society]].

* [https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28770876 BBC.com article on 'Hemp fibres "better than graphene"'] (2014)

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4eIOmiJL4 ''''''Hemp Battery As Good As Lithium Ion?'''''' at youtube.com] (2016) by [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4AkVj-qnJxNtKuz3rkq16A Robert Murray Smith]

* [~~https~~://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finnish_breakthrough_making_protein_out_of_thin_air_and_electricity/9736360 YLE (Finnish public broadcasting corporation) reporting on Solein: Finnish breakthrough: Making protein out of thin air and ~~electricity] (2017)~~

''' [[w:Pine|Pine]] bark and [[w:Brewer's spent grain|spent grain]] ''' studied for biocoal for batteries and supercapacitors

* [~~https~~:~~//www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/29/plan-to-sell-50m-meals-electricity-water-air-solar-foods The Guardian reporting on~~ '~~Plan to sell 50m meals made from electricity, water~~ and ~~air'] (2019)~~

* [[w:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland|VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland]] blog post [https://www.vttresearch.com/Impulse/Pages/Greener-electronics-from-spent-grain-and-pine-bark.aspx "Greener electronics from spent grain and pine bark"] states that VTT and [[w:Aalto University|Aalto University]] have joined the [[w:Academy of Finland|Academy of Finland]]'s FinnCERES flagship programme to study the possibilities of using [[w:biocoal|biocoal]] made from [[w:Brewer's spent grain|brewery waste]] and [[w:pulp mill|pulp mill]] [[w:waste|waste]] to make [[w:electrical battery|batteries]], [[w:supercapacitor]]s and [[w:solar panel|solar panel]]s.

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== CO2 capture ==

CO2 capture can refer to capturing CO2 from an industrial process or just grabbing it from air.

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== Power-to-gas ==

Power-to-gas technologies are advancing. Power-to-gas involves energy losses in the conversion, but the power of gaseous energy that it is much cheaper to store than electricity, plus the distribution networks largely exist already.

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== ~~Hemp~~ tech ==

== Recycling tech ==

~~Development~~ of ~~sound hemp~~ products has ~~suffered~~ from the ~~prohibition~~ of ~~the plant since 1937~~

=== Plastics-to-fuel ===

Researchers from [[w:Purdue University|Purdue University]] have developed [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03841 a technology entitled 'Use of Supercritical Water for the Liquefaction of Polypropylene into Oil'] that works on [[w:polyolefin|polyolefin]] waste, the sort of plastic used for [[w:grocery bag|grocery bag]]s, [[w:toy|toy]]s, and [[w:shrink wrap|shrink wrap]]. This sort of plastic accounts for about 23% of [[w:plastic waste|plastic waste]], according to researchers who describe the process in a paper published in Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, a publication of the [[w:American Chemical Society|American Chemical Society]]. The new technique uses a process called [[w:hydrothermal liquefaction|hydrothermal liquefaction]], in which very high temperatures melt pellets of polyolefin and then dissolve them in [[w:water|water]]. The by-products of this process are [[w:oil|oil]], [[w:gas|gas]], or [[w:solvent|solvent]]s.<ref>https://www.technologyreview.com/f/612935/a-new-chemical-process-could-turn-a-quarter-of-our-plastic-waste-into-clean-fuel/</ref>

''' Links about plastics-to-fuel '''

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqRbc_0SaVs 'Chemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuel'], a Youtube by Purdue Engineering (2019-02)

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== Food tech ==

=== Food from air and electricity ===

In Finland Solar Foods Ltd. has demonstrated making protein called Solein with renewable electricity and CO2 as raw material and are building their first real plant soon.

Water demand of this new method is fraction of plant-based nutrition, let alone meats and it is slightly CO2 negative if the electricity is not from CO2 emitting power plants.

* [https://solarfoods.fi/ Solar Foods Ltd. official website]

* [https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finnish_breakthrough_making_protein_out_of_thin_air_and_electricity/9736360 YLE (Finnish public broadcasting corporation) reporting on Solein: Finnish breakthrough: Making protein out of thin air and electricity] (2017)

* [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/29/plan-to-sell-50m-meals-electricity-water-air-solar-foods The Guardian reporting on 'Plan to sell 50m meals made from electricity, water and air'] (2019)

=== Cattle emissions ===

According to Australian research, if 2% dry matter of the [[w:Asparagopsis taxiformis|Asparagopsis taxiformis]] seaweed is added to cattle fodder, the bovines' methane production falls to a tiny fraction (fall of 98.9%) in 72 hrs compared to cattle fed with traditional feed.

''' Scientific articles '''

* [http://www.publish.csiro.au/an/AN15576 'The red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural antimethanogenic that reduces methane production during in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid'] was published in [[w:Animal Production Science|Animal Production Science]], a journal by [[w:CSIRO Publishing|CSIRO Publishing]] in February 2016

* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305768532_Asparagopsis_taxiformis_decreases_enteric_methane_production_from_sheep 'Asparagopsis taxiformis decreases enteric methane production from sheep'] published in [[w:Animal Production Science|Animal Production Science]] in August 2016

[[w:~~List of hemp products|Wikipedia~~'~~s list of hemp products~~]~~] is not complete~~ by ~~a far shot.~~

''' Links '''

* [https://www.sustainability-times.com/environmental-protection/to-stop-cows-producing-methane-we-can-feed-them-seaweed/ '''''To stop cows producing methane, we can feed them seaweed''''' at sustainability-times.com], a 2019 article by Daniel T Cross

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== Ecological materials ==

=== Decarbonized concrete ===

* [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c03193 '''''ZeroCAL: Eliminating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Limestone’s Decomposition to Decarbonize Cement Production''''' at pubs.acs.org]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/uutiset/tt/1ad88899-7fe0-44a3-aa13-6c0e58f343fe?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook#Echobox=1729269959</ref>, a 2024 perspective article on a new method to manufacture cement with significantly less CO2 pollution, published in [[w:ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering]]

** Reporting in Finnish at [https://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/uutiset/tt/1ad88899-7fe0-44a3-aa13-6c0e58f343fe '''Jopa 98 % vähemmän hiilidioksidia – Insinöörit keksivät sementin valmistukseen uuden menetelmän''' at tekniikkatalous.fi] (paywalled)

=== Hemp wood ===

From seed to building material in less than a year is a reality in Kentucky as the first HempWood factory has opened. HempWood is said to have slightly better characteristics than oak.

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* [https://www.psnet.biz/forum/cbd-news/oak-is-out-hemp-is-in-hempwood-factory-opens-in-kentucky 'Oak is Out, Hemp is in – HempWood Factory Opens in Kentucky']

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=== Hempcrete ===

'''[[w:Hempcrete]]''' is a [[w:bio-composite]] material for construction.

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=== Hemp plastic ===

=== ~~Hemp supercapacitors~~ ===

* https://hempplastic.com/ - The Hemp Plastic company

~~{{Q|A~~ '''[[w:~~supercapacitor|supercapacitor~~]]''' is a ~~high-capacity~~ [[w:~~capacitor~~|~~capacitor~~]] ~~with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors~~, ~~but with lower voltage limits~~, ~~that bridges the gap between~~ [[w:~~electrolytic capacitor|electrolytic capacitor~~]]~~s and~~ [[w:~~Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries~~]]. It ~~typically stores 10~~ to ~~100 times more~~ [[w:~~specific energy~~|~~energy per unit volume or mass~~]] ~~than electrolytic capacitors~~, ~~can accept~~ and ~~deliver charge much faster than batteries~~, ~~and tolerates many more~~ [[w:~~charge and discharge cycle~~|~~charge and discharge cycle~~]]~~s than~~ [[w:~~Rechargeable battery~~|~~rechargeable batteries~~]].|~~Wikipedia~~|~~definition~~ of ~~a supercapacitator~~}}

=== Limestone-based materials ===

* [https://tb-m.com/en/limex/about/ LIMEX] is a new material mainly made from limestone, that can become an alternative to paper and plastic. It is developed by TBM Co., Ltd., a Japanese company

=== Biomass-based materials ===

* '''[[w:Zeoform]]''' [https://www.zeoform.com zeoform.com] is a new material developed and patented by an [[w:Australian companies|Australian company]] ''Zeo IP Pty''. It is derived from [[w:cellulose]] and [[w:water]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.triplepundit.com/2013/10/startup-develops-eco-friendly-material-replace-wood-plastic/|title=Startup Develops Eco-Friendly Material to Replace Wood and Plastic|publisher=triplepundit.com|date=October 16, 2013|accessdate=2014-05-27}}</ref> transforming [[w:lignocellulosic]] fibres from industrial [[w:biomass]] into a [[w:structural material]] suitable for various applications in the [[w:industrial sector]]. It is claimed to be [[w:Non-toxic|non toxic]], [[w:biodegradable]] and could be used as a replacement for many forms of hard [[w:plastic]]s, as well as [[w:Synthetic compound|synthetic]] and [[w:Chemical compound|chemical composites]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redesignrevolution.com/eco-monday-zeoform-the-new-miracle-eco-plastic/|title=Eco Monday: Zeoform, the New Miracle Eco-Plastic?|publisher=redesignrevolution.com|date=October 21, 2013|accessdate=2014-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gizmag.com/zeoform-cellulose-water/28796/|title=Zeoform: The eco-friendly building material of the future?|publisher=gizmag.com|date=August 29, 2013|accessdate=2014-05-27}}</ref> (From Wikipedia)

== Hemp tech ==

Development of sound hemp products has suffered from the prohibition of the plant since 1937

{{Q|Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles, rather than long term compact energy storage — in automobiles, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they are used for [[w:~~Regenerative brake~~|~~regenerative braking~~]]~~, short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power delivery~~.~~|Wikipedia|uses of supercapacitors}}~~

[[w:List of hemp products|Wikipedia's list of hemp products]] is not complete by a far shot.

* [https://www.~~bbc~~.com/~~news~~/~~science~~-~~environment~~-~~28770876 BBC.com article on~~ 'Hemp ~~fibres "better than graphene"~~'] ~~(2014)~~

''' Links '''

* [https://~~ukcsc~~.co.uk/~~earth-power~~-hemp-~~batteries-better~~-~~than~~-~~lithium~~-~~and~~-~~graphene/~~ '~~Earth power:~~ hemp ~~batteries better than lithium~~ and ~~graphene~~'] ~~(2019)~~

* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/janetwburns/2018/09/30/we-should-be-pouring-time-and-money-into-hemp-period/#2ab8f6836487 'We Should Be Pouring Time And Money Into Hemp, Period.'], a September 2018 Forbes article

* [https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/sep/25/hemp-wood-fibre-construction-climate-change 'Growing our way out of climate change by building with hemp and wood fibre'], a 2014 article by The Guardian

~~----~~

= Mobility tech =

[[Lists of shared and alternative transport and traveler routers]] lists carsharing, carpooling and traveler router services around the world.

Line 137:

Line 344:

* Stats, [[w:analog (program)]], hosting guys' stats, historical stats, http://stats.consumium.org potentially a breadcrumbs solution

* Internet Relay Chat - RecentChanges irc feeds - RecentChanges regex stalk irc feeds with BetaCommandBot or similar - ircbot/mediawikibot integration -> [[ConsUtilityBot]] ( probably in [[w:python]] based on the [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot|pyWikipediaBot framework]] )

= References =

= 1st seen in =

[[Category:Technologies]]

[[Category:List]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Q|'''Technology''' ("science of craft", from [[w:Ancient Greek|Greek]]  τέχνη, ''techne'', "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, ''[[w:wikt:-logia|-logia|]]'') is the collection of [[w:Art techniques and materials|techniques]], [[w:skill|skill]]s, [[w:Scientific method|methods]], and [[w:Business process|processes]] used in the production of [[w:Good (economics)|goods]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as [[w:scientific investigation|scientific investigation]].|Wikipedia|technology}}
+[[File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Planet Earth. Lets try to promote good tech and warn about and counteract bad tech.]]
+{{Q|'''Technology''' ("science of craft", from [[w:Ancient Greek|Greek]]  τέχνη, ''techne'', "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, ''[[w:wikt:-logia|-logia]]'') is the collection of [[w:Art techniques and materials|techniques]], [[w:skill|skill]]s, [[w:Scientific method|methods]], and [[w:Business process|processes]] used in the production of [[w:Good (economics)|goods]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as [[w:scientific investigation|scientific investigation]].|Wikipedia|technology}}
 This article aims to gather tech relevant for the well being of the populations and the planet. Technology can be used for good and evil this is a good reason to keep up-to-date on the problems and opportunities and good solutions.
+'''Search for more technologies'''
+* [https://www.connectedpapers.com/ '''Explore connected papers in a visual graph'''' at connectedpapers.com]
 = Automation =
+[[File:Velib automated bike rentals.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Automated locking system makes bikesharing efficient.]]
 {{Q|'''Automation''' is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance.|Wikipedia|[[w:automation|automation]]}}
-[[File:Velib automated bike rentals.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Automated locking system makes bikesharing efficient.]]
+== Robotics ==
+* [https://www.jpost.com/health-science/israeli-doctors-get-help-from-unlikely-source-robots-635376 ''''''Israeli doctors get help from unlikely source: robots'''''' at jpost.com]
+== Information automation ==
+* [https://venturebeat.com/2020/07/23/amazon-makes-contact-lens-generally-available/ ''''Amazon makes Contact Lens generally available'''' at venturebeat.com], July 2020 reporting on [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon]]'s ''Contact Lens'' contact center automation system.
 ----
-= AI =
+= Computing =
+== AI ==
+<section begin=AIedu />
+[[File:AI-ML-DL.svg|thumb|right|420px|A [[w:Venn diagram]] that describes the relations of '''[[w:Artificial intelligence]]''' ('''AI'''), '''[[w:Machine learning]]''' ('''ML''') and '''[[w:Deep learning]]''' ('''DL''') according to some source.]]
 {{Q|'''Artificial intelligence''' ('''AI'''), sometimes called '''machine intelligence''', is [[w:intelligence|intelligence]] demonstrated by [[w:machine|machine]]s, in contrast to the '''natural intelligence''' displayed by humans and animals.  Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is used to describe machines that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other [[w:human mind|human mind]]s, such as "learning" and "problem solving".|Wikipedia|[[w:artificial intelligence|AI]]}}
+* [[w:Applications of artificial intelligence]]
+''' Learn '''
+''' AI ethics courses '''
+* https://ethics-of-ai.mooc.fi/ by the [[w:University of Helsinki]]
+''' AI courses '''
+* [https://www.coursera.org/learn/ai-for-everyone ''''''AI For Everyone''''''' at coursera.org] by Andrew Ng<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses" />
+* [https://www.coursera.org/learn/introduction-to-ai ''''''Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)''''''' at coursera.org] by Rav Ahuja and offered by [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* [https://www.coursera.org/specializations/ai-foundations-for-everyone ''''''AI Foundations for Everyone Specialization''''''' at coursera.org] by Rav Ahuja and offered by [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* [https://www.coursera.org/professional-certificates/applied-artifical-intelligence-ibm-watson-ai ''''''IBM Applied AI Professional Certificate''''''' at coursera.org] by Rav Ahuja and offered by [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* [https://www.udemy.com/course/artificial-intelligence-reinforcement-learning-in-python/ ''''''Artificial Intelligence: Reinforcement Learning in Python''''''' at udemy.com] (for-a-small-fee)<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* [https://www.datacamp.com/ ''''''Learn Data Science Online''''''' at datacamp.com] has free tier and enterprise-tier<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* [https://www.edx.org/course/cs50s-introduction-to-artificial-intelligence-with-python ''''''CS50's Introduction to Artificial Intelligence with Python''''''' at edx.org] from the [[w:Harvard University]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* [https://www.edx.org/course/artificial-intelligence-ai ''''''Artificial Intelligence (AI)''''''' at edx.org] from the [[w:Columbia University]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* [https://www.edx.org/course/artificial-intelligence-for-everyone ''''''AI for Everyone: Master the Basics''''''' at edx.org] from [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* [https://www.edx.org/course/AI-chatbots-without-programming ''''''AI Chatbots without Programming''''''' at edx.org] from [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+* https://www.elementsofai.com/ - a free-of-charge 2 CU introductory course to AI made by the [[w:University of Helsinki|University of Helsinki]] and [https://www.reaktor.com/ Reaktor Group Ltd]
+* http://introtodeeplearning.com/ - a free-of-charge introductory course to AI made by [[w:Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
+* https://korbit.ai/machinelearning - "LEARN AI WITH AN AI" by Korbit.ai
+* [https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning ''''Machine Learning'''' by Andrew Ng at coursera.org]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.facebook.com/groups/2059467967664033/ 'Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning' Facebook group</ref> offered by the [[w:Stanford University]]
+* [https://www.edx.org/course/AI-applications-with-watson ''''''AI Applications with Watson''''''' at edx.org] from [[w:IBM]]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses"/>
+*'''AI Foundations for Everyone Specialization'''
+*# [https://www.coursera.org/learn/introduction-to-ai '''Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)''' at coursera.org] offered by IBM
+*# [https://www.coursera.org/learn/ai-with-ibm-watson '''Getting
+Started with AI using IBM Watson''' at coursera.org]<ref group="1st seen in" name="MLTut2020" /> offered by IBM
+*# [https://www.coursera.org/learn/building-ai-powered-chatbots '''Building AI Powered Chatbots Without Programming'' at coursera.org]<ref group="1st seen in" name="MLTut2020" /> offered by IBM
+''' Lists of AI courses '''
+* [https://www.mltut.com/best-certification-courses-for-artificial-intelligence/ '''Best Certification Courses for Artificial Intelligence - Beginner to Advanced''' at mltut.com] <ref group="1st seen in" name="MLTut2020">
+https://www.mltut.com/best-certification-courses-for-artificial-intelligence/ via comment by Aqsa Zafar to post https://www.facebook.com/groups/2059467967664033/permalink/2977621252515362/ in ''Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning'' Facebook group</ref>
+* [https://yolearner.com/best-artificial-intelligence-courses/ ''''Top 10 Artificial Intelligence Courses by World’s Best University'''' at YoLearner.com]<ref group="1st seen in" name="YoLearnerTop10AICourses">
+Aditya Singh‎ → "Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning" https://www.facebook.com/groups/2059467967664033/permalink/2769532309990925/
+</ref>
+<section end=AIedu />
+See also [[List of free education]] for education resources into other subjects.
+''' Useful resources '''
+* [https://github.com/pawangeek/Deep-NLP-Resources List of Natural Language Processing (NLP) Resources] curated by pawangeek
+''' For Consumerium '''
+* [[w:Firebase#ML_Kit|ML Kit for Firebase]] is a mobile [[w:machine learning|machine learning]] system for developers. It can be used to recognize [[barcodes]] and QR-codes. <ref>https://medium.com/@bapspatil/ok-ml-kit-how-smart-are-you-83c9e58b7330</ref>
+''' Reviews and regulation '''
+* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'] at the [[w:Library of Congress]] (loc.gov)
+** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov]
+** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
+** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
+** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
+** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov]
+** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
+** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]
+''' From Europe'''
+* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf ''''''The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives'''''' (.pdf) at europarl.europa.eu], a March 2020 study by the [[w:European Parliamentary Research Service]]
+''' From private companies'''
+[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]] (gibsondunn.com) is a global [[w:law firm|law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890. They publish a quarterly legal update on "Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems"
+* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2018' at Gibson & Dunn]
+* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
+* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
+* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']
+* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-automated-systems-legal-update-4q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2019']
+''' Fields '''
 AI is can be divided to multiple subfields:
@@ Line 41: / Line 143: @@
 * '''[[w:Robotics]]'''
+== Neuromorphic computing ==
+'''[[w:Neuromorphic engineering]]''' is also known as '''neuromorphic computing'''  is a concept developed by [[w:Carver Mead]], in the late 1980s, describing the use of [[w:very-large-scale integration]] (VLSI) systems containing electronic [[w:analog circuit]]s to mimic neuro-biological architectures present in the nervous system. In recent times, the term ''neuromorphic'' has been used to describe analog, digital, mixed-mode analog/digital VLSI, and software systems that implement models of [[w:neural system]]s (for [[w:perception]], [[w:motor control]], or [[w:multisensory integration]]). (Adapted from Wikipedia)
+* [https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/artificial-intelligence/machine-learning/intels-neuromorphic-nose-learns-scents-in-just-one-sniff ''''''Intel’s Neuromorphic Nose Learns Scents in Just One Sniff'''''' at spectrum.ieee.org] 2016 reporting
+* [https://www.artiba.org/blog/neuromorphic-computing-the-next-level-artificial-intelligence ''''''Neuromorphic Computing: The Next-Level Artificial Intelligence'''''' at artiba.org] 2020 reporting
+== Quantum computing and communication ==
+* [https://opg.optica.org/optica/fulltext.cfm?uri=optica-11-12-1700&id=565936 '''''Quantum teleportation coexisting with classical communications in optical fiber''''' at opg.optica.org]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.techspot.com/news/106066-engineers-achieve-quantum-teleportation-over-active-internet-cables.html</ref>, a 2024 study by scientists of the [[w:Northwestern University]], published in [[w:Optica (journal)]]
+Reporting on the quantum teleportation breakthrough
+* [https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/12/first-demonstration-of-quantum-teleportation-over-busy-internet-cables/ '''''First demonstration of quantum teleportation over busy Internet cables''''' at news.northwestern.edu]
+* [https://www.techspot.com/news/106066-engineers-achieve-quantum-teleportation-over-active-internet-cables.html '''''Engineers achieve quantum teleportation over active internet cables''''' at techspot.com]
+== The SAFE Network (transcluded) ==
+[[mw:Help:Transclusion|Transcluded]] from article on [[SAFE Network]]
+{{:SAFE Network}}
 ----
 = Ecological tech =
 There are various interesting ecological technologies being piloted.
 ----
-== Hydrogen purified steel ==
+== Hydrogen ==
-'''HYBRIT''' an abbreviation of '''HY'''drogen '''BR'''eakthrough '''I'''ronmaking '''T'''echnology, where iron for steel making is not purified by a process called coking, but instead using massive amounts of hydrogen to purify it.
+[[File:Hydrogen atom.svg|thumb|right|240px|The size of a [[w:hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom, the lightest atom, consisting of a proton and an electron. According to Wikipedia hydrogen atom is roughly  1,1 Å. An [[w:Ångstrom|Ångstrom]] is 10−<sup>10</sup> m or a ten-billionth of a metre]]
+[[File:Dihydrogen-2D-dimensions.png|thumb|right|240px|The distance of the hydrogen atoms in a H<sub>2</sub> molecule. Pico is 1×10<sup>−12</sup> m, or one trillionth (1/1000000000000) of a metre]]
+Hydrogen can be produced by from [[w:water|water]] by [[w:electrolysis|electrolysis]] even on an industrial scale, with [[#Hydrogen panels]] or from [[w:hydrocarbon|hydrocarbon]]s by [[w:steam reforming|steam reforming]].
+Hydrogen fuel produced from (locally) harvested energy either by hydrogen panels or electrolysis plants can be considered and is being widely marketed as carbon-free, whereas steam reforming from other fuels causes carbon emissions.
+{{Q|The '''[[w:Hydrogen economy|Hydrogen economy]]''' is the use of [[w:hydrogen fuel|hydrogen]] as a low carbon [[w:fuel|fuel]], particularly for [[w:Central heating#Environmental aspects|heating]], [[w:Hydrogen Vehicles|hydrogen vehicles]],<ref>[http://www.iphe.net/docs/Resources/Power_trains_for_Europe.pdf A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis]</ref> [[w:Underground hydrogen storage|seasonal energy storage]] and long distance transport of [[w:energy|energy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|IEA H2|2019|p=13}}</ref>|Wikipedia|definition of [[w:hydrogen economy|hydrogen economy]]}}
+=== Hydrogen panels ===
+Researchers from [[w:KU Leuven|KU Leuven]], Belgium have created [[w:solar hydrogen panel]]s, that convert water vapor to hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight.
+* [https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research-stories/2019/solar-hydrogen-panels 'Green Energy Breakthrough Thanks to KU Leuven Scientists' at kuleuven.be]. Quote: "The panel is able to directly convert no less than 15 per cent of sunlight into hydrogen gas, Which is a world record."
+* [https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2019/ku-leuven-researchers-hydrogen-gas-panel KU Leuven News: 'Looking past the hype: KU Leuven researchers shed more light on their hydrogen panel'] (March 2019)
+=== Hydrogen aviation ===
+* [https://www.zeroavia.com/ ZeroAvia.com] has been developing [[w:fuel cell|fuel cell]]-based [[w:powertrain|powertrain]]s for aviation.
+''' Links '''
+* [https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1006 'ZeroAvia’s Hydrogen-Fueled Powertrain for Zero-Emission Aircraft' at AZoCleanTech.com]
+* [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-21/airbus-unveils-hydrogen-powered-designs-for-zero-emission-flight 'Airbus Unveils Hydrogen Designs for Zero-Emission Flight' at Bloomberg.com] reports in September 2020, that [[w:Airbus]] is working on three hydrogen plane designs.
+----
+=== Hydrogen purified steel ===
+'''HYBRIT''' is an abbreviation of '''HY'''drogen '''BR'''eakthrough '''I'''ronmaking '''T'''echnology, where iron for steel making is not purified by a process called coking, but instead using massive amounts of hydrogen to purify it.
 [[w:SSAB]] and partners are building a small-scale pilot production line in Luleå, Sweden, slated to be launched in 2020.
@@ Line 54: / Line 196: @@
 ----
-== Food from air and electricity ==
-In Finland Solar Foods Ltd. has demonstrated making protein called Solein with renewable electricity and CO2 as raw material and are building their first real plant soon.
-Water demand of this new method is fraction of plant-based nutrition, let alone meats and it is slightly CO2 negative if the electricity is not from CO2 emitting power plants.
+== Ecological electric ==
+=== Sodium batteries ===
+[[File:Na (Sodium).jpg|thumb|right|260px|[[w:Chemical element]] with symbol [[w:Na]] and [[w:atomic number]] 11 is in abundant supply as it can be harvested from seawater.]]
+'''Scientific articles'''
+* [https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/cs/c6cs00776g#!divAbstract ''''Sodium-ion batteries: present and future'''' at pubs.rsc.org] published in [[w:Chemical Society Reviews]] issue 12, 2017
+'''Reporting'''
+* [https://www.intelligentliving.co/improved-sodium-ion-battery/ ''''''Improved Sodium-Ion Battery Could Rival Lithium-Ion Models'''''', July 2020 reporting at intelligentliving.co
+==== Broadbit sodium batteries ====
+* http://www.broadbit.com/ is a technology company developing revolutionary new batteries using novel sodium-based chemistries to power the future green economy.
+==== IBM sodium batteries ====
+* [https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/12/heavy-metal-free-battery/ 'Free of Heavy Metals, New Battery Design Could Alleviate Environmental Concerns' at IBM Research Blog], a Dec 2018 post
+=== Plant-based batteries and supercapacitors ===
+{{Q|A '''[[w:supercapacitor|supercapacitor]]''' is a high-capacity [[w:capacitor|capacitor]] with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors, but with lower voltage limits, that bridges the gap between [[w:electrolytic capacitor|electrolytic capacitor]]s and [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]]. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more [[w:specific energy|energy per unit volume or mass]] than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more [[w:charge and discharge cycle|charge and discharge cycle]]s than [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]].|Wikipedia|definition of a supercapacitator}}
+{{Q|Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles, rather than long term compact energy storage&nbsp;— in automobiles, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they are used for [[w:Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]], short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power delivery.|Wikipedia|uses of supercapacitors}}
+Spent '''[[w:hemp|hemp]]''' has been studied for use in electrical engineering.
-* [https://solarfoods.fi/ Solar Foods Ltd. official website]
+* [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn400731g 'Interconnected Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Hemp for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy'], a 2014 scientific article published in [[w:ACS Nano]], a monthly, [[w:peer review|peer-reviewed]], [[w:scientific journal]], published by the [[w:American Chemical Society]].
+* [https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28770876 BBC.com article on 'Hemp fibres "better than graphene"'] (2014)
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K4eIOmiJL4 ''''''Hemp Battery As Good As Lithium Ion?'''''' at youtube.com] (2016) by [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4AkVj-qnJxNtKuz3rkq16A Robert Murray Smith]
-* [https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finnish_breakthrough_making_protein_out_of_thin_air_and_electricity/9736360 YLE (Finnish public broadcasting corporation) reporting on Solein: Finnish breakthrough: Making protein out of thin air and electricity] (2017)
+''' [[w:Pine|Pine]] bark and [[w:Brewer's spent grain|spent grain]] ''' studied for biocoal for batteries and supercapacitors
-* [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/29/plan-to-sell-50m-meals-electricity-water-air-solar-foods The Guardian reporting on 'Plan to sell 50m meals made from electricity, water and air'] (2019)
+* [[w:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland|VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland]] blog post [https://www.vttresearch.com/Impulse/Pages/Greener-electronics-from-spent-grain-and-pine-bark.aspx "Greener electronics from spent grain and pine bark"] states that VTT and [[w:Aalto University|Aalto University]] have joined the [[w:Academy of Finland|Academy of Finland]]'s FinnCERES flagship programme to study the possibilities of using [[w:biocoal|biocoal]] made from [[w:Brewer's spent grain|brewery waste]] and [[w:pulp mill|pulp mill]] [[w:waste|waste]] to make [[w:electrical battery|batteries]], [[w:supercapacitor]]s and [[w:solar panel|solar panel]]s.
 ----
 == CO2 capture ==
 CO2 capture can refer to capturing CO2 from an industrial process or just grabbing it from air.
@@ Line 71: / Line 235: @@
 ----
 == Power-to-gas ==
 Power-to-gas technologies are advancing. Power-to-gas involves energy losses in the conversion, but the power of gaseous energy that it is much cheaper to store than electricity, plus the distribution networks largely exist already.
@@ Line 83: / Line 248: @@
 ----
-== Hemp tech ==
+== Recycling tech ==
-Development of sound hemp products has suffered from the prohibition of the plant since 1937
+=== Plastics-to-fuel ===
+Researchers from [[w:Purdue University|Purdue University]] have developed [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03841 a technology entitled 'Use of Supercritical Water for the Liquefaction of Polypropylene into Oil'] that works on [[w:polyolefin|polyolefin]] waste, the sort of plastic used for [[w:grocery bag|grocery bag]]s, [[w:toy|toy]]s, and [[w:shrink wrap|shrink wrap]]. This sort of plastic accounts for about 23% of [[w:plastic waste|plastic waste]], according to researchers who describe the process in a paper published in Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, a publication of the [[w:American Chemical Society|American Chemical Society]]. The new technique uses a process called [[w:hydrothermal liquefaction|hydrothermal liquefaction]], in which very high temperatures melt pellets of polyolefin and then dissolve them in [[w:water|water]]. The by-products of this process are [[w:oil|oil]], [[w:gas|gas]], or [[w:solvent|solvent]]s.<ref>https://www.technologyreview.com/f/612935/a-new-chemical-process-could-turn-a-quarter-of-our-plastic-waste-into-clean-fuel/</ref>
+''' Links about plastics-to-fuel '''
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqRbc_0SaVs 'Chemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuel'], a Youtube by Purdue Engineering (2019-02)
+----
+== Food tech ==
+=== Food from air and electricity ===
+In Finland Solar Foods Ltd. has demonstrated making protein called Solein with renewable electricity and CO2 as raw material and are building their first real plant soon.
+Water demand of this new method is fraction of plant-based nutrition, let alone meats and it is slightly CO2 negative if the electricity is not from CO2 emitting power plants.
+* [https://solarfoods.fi/ Solar Foods Ltd. official website]
+* [https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finnish_breakthrough_making_protein_out_of_thin_air_and_electricity/9736360 YLE (Finnish public broadcasting corporation) reporting on Solein: Finnish breakthrough: Making protein out of thin air and electricity] (2017)
+* [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/29/plan-to-sell-50m-meals-electricity-water-air-solar-foods The Guardian reporting on 'Plan to sell 50m meals made from electricity, water and air'] (2019)
+=== Cattle emissions ===
+According to Australian research, if 2% dry matter of the [[w:Asparagopsis taxiformis|Asparagopsis taxiformis]] seaweed is added to cattle fodder, the bovines' methane production falls to a tiny fraction (fall of 98.9%) in 72 hrs compared to cattle fed with traditional feed.
+''' Scientific articles '''
+* [http://www.publish.csiro.au/an/AN15576 'The red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural antimethanogenic that reduces methane production during in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid'] was published in [[w:Animal Production Science|Animal Production Science]], a journal by [[w:CSIRO Publishing|CSIRO Publishing]] in February 2016
+* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305768532_Asparagopsis_taxiformis_decreases_enteric_methane_production_from_sheep 'Asparagopsis taxiformis decreases enteric methane production from sheep'] published in [[w:Animal Production Science|Animal Production Science]] in August 2016
-[[w:List of hemp products|Wikipedia's list of hemp products]] is not complete by a far shot.
+''' Links '''
+* [https://www.sustainability-times.com/environmental-protection/to-stop-cows-producing-methane-we-can-feed-them-seaweed/ '''''To stop cows producing methane, we can feed them seaweed''''' at sustainability-times.com], a 2019 article by Daniel T Cross
 ----
+== Ecological materials ==
+=== Decarbonized concrete ===
+* [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c03193 '''''ZeroCAL: Eliminating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Limestone’s Decomposition to Decarbonize Cement Production''''' at pubs.acs.org]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/uutiset/tt/1ad88899-7fe0-44a3-aa13-6c0e58f343fe?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook#Echobox=1729269959</ref>, a 2024 perspective article on a new method to manufacture cement with significantly less CO2 pollution, published in [[w:ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering]]
+** Reporting in Finnish at [https://www.tekniikkatalous.fi/uutiset/tt/1ad88899-7fe0-44a3-aa13-6c0e58f343fe '''Jopa 98 % vähemmän hiilidioksidia – Insinöörit keksivät sementin valmistukseen uuden menetelmän''' at tekniikkatalous.fi] (paywalled)
 === Hemp wood ===
 From seed to building material in less than a year is a reality in Kentucky as the first HempWood factory has opened. HempWood is said to have slightly better characteristics than oak.
@@ Line 96: / Line 294: @@
 * [https://www.psnet.biz/forum/cbd-news/oak-is-out-hemp-is-in-hempwood-factory-opens-in-kentucky 'Oak is Out, Hemp is in – HempWood Factory Opens in Kentucky']
-----
 === Hempcrete ===
 '''[[w:Hempcrete]]''' is a [[w:bio-composite]] material for construction.
-----
+=== Hemp plastic ===
-=== Hemp supercapacitors ===
+* https://hempplastic.com/ - The Hemp Plastic company
-{{Q|A '''[[w:supercapacitor|supercapacitor]]''' is a high-capacity [[w:capacitor|capacitor]] with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors, but with lower voltage limits, that bridges the gap between [[w:electrolytic capacitor|electrolytic capacitor]]s and [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]]. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more [[w:specific energy|energy per unit volume or mass]] than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more [[w:charge and discharge cycle|charge and discharge cycle]]s than [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]].|Wikipedia|definition of a supercapacitator}}
+=== Limestone-based materials ===
+* [https://tb-m.com/en/limex/about/ LIMEX] is a new material mainly made from limestone, that can become an alternative to paper and plastic. It is developed by TBM Co., Ltd., a Japanese company
+=== Biomass-based materials ===
+* '''[[w:Zeoform]]''' [https://www.zeoform.com zeoform.com] is a new material developed and patented by an [[w:Australian companies|Australian company]] ''Zeo IP Pty''. It is derived from [[w:cellulose]] and [[w:water]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.triplepundit.com/2013/10/startup-develops-eco-friendly-material-replace-wood-plastic/|title=Startup Develops Eco-Friendly Material to Replace Wood and Plastic|publisher=triplepundit.com|date=October 16, 2013|accessdate=2014-05-27}}</ref> transforming [[w:lignocellulosic]] fibres from industrial [[w:biomass]] into a [[w:structural material]] suitable for various applications in the [[w:industrial sector]]. It is claimed to be [[w:Non-toxic|non toxic]], [[w:biodegradable]] and could be used as a replacement for many forms of hard [[w:plastic]]s, as well as [[w:Synthetic compound|synthetic]] and [[w:Chemical compound|chemical composites]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redesignrevolution.com/eco-monday-zeoform-the-new-miracle-eco-plastic/|title=Eco Monday: Zeoform, the New Miracle Eco-Plastic?|publisher=redesignrevolution.com|date=October 21, 2013|accessdate=2014-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gizmag.com/zeoform-cellulose-water/28796/|title=Zeoform: The eco-friendly building material of the future?|publisher=gizmag.com|date=August 29, 2013|accessdate=2014-05-27}}</ref> (From Wikipedia)
+== Hemp tech ==
+Development of sound hemp products has suffered from the prohibition of the plant since 1937
-{{Q|Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles, rather than long term compact energy storage&nbsp;— in automobiles, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they are used for [[w:Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]], short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power delivery.|Wikipedia|uses of supercapacitors}}
+[[w:List of hemp products|Wikipedia's list of hemp products]] is not complete by a far shot.
-* [https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28770876 BBC.com article on 'Hemp fibres "better than graphene"'] (2014)
+''' Links '''
-* [https://ukcsc.co.uk/earth-power-hemp-batteries-better-than-lithium-and-graphene/ 'Earth power: hemp batteries better than lithium and graphene'] (2019)
+* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/janetwburns/2018/09/30/we-should-be-pouring-time-and-money-into-hemp-period/#2ab8f6836487 'We Should Be Pouring Time And Money Into Hemp, Period.'], a September 2018 Forbes article
+* [https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/sep/25/hemp-wood-fibre-construction-climate-change 'Growing our way out of climate change by building with hemp and wood fibre'], a 2014 article by The Guardian
-----
 = Mobility tech =
 [[Lists of shared and alternative transport and traveler routers]] lists carsharing, carpooling and traveler router services around the world.
@@ Line 137: / Line 344: @@
 * Stats, [[w:analog (program)]], hosting guys' stats, historical stats, http://stats.consumium.org potentially a breadcrumbs solution
 * Internet Relay Chat - RecentChanges irc feeds - RecentChanges regex stalk irc feeds with BetaCommandBot or similar - ircbot/mediawikibot integration -> [[ConsUtilityBot]] ( probably in [[w:python]] based on the [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot|pyWikipediaBot framework]] )
+= References =
+<references/>
+= 1st seen in =
+<references group="1st seen in"/>
+[[Category:Technologies]]
+[[Category:List]]