Template:Cite book/doc

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    Citation Style 1 templates
    {{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
    {{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
    {{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
    {{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
    {{Cite book}}books and chapters
    {{Cite citeseerx}}CiteSeerX papers
    {{Cite conference}}conference papers
    {{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
    {{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
    {{Cite interview}}interviews
    {{Cite journal}}academic journals
    {{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
    {{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
    {{Cite map}}maps
    {{Cite news}}news articles
    {{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
    {{Cite podcast}}podcasts
    {{Cite press release}}press releases
    {{Cite report}}reports
    {{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
    {{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
    {{Cite speech}}speeches
    {{Cite ssrn}}SSRN papers
    {{Cite techreport}}technical reports
    {{Cite thesis}}theses
    {{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
    See alsoSpecific-source templates
    Wrapper templates

    This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for books. When citing an article in a periodical, use {{cite journal}} or {{cite magazine}}. For conference papers, use {{cite conference}}. For edited collections, use {{cite encyclopedia}}. For theses, use {{cite thesis}}.

    Usage[edit source]

    Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

    Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
    To cite a book with a credited author
    {{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}}
    To cite a book with no credited author
    {{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |date= |isbn=}}
    To cite an online book that has been archived
    {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |url-status= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archive-url= |archive-date=}}
    To cite a book written in a foreign language
    {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn=}}
    To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language book re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
    {{cite book |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |url-access= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote=}}


    Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
    {{cite book
     |last=
     |first=
     |author-link=
     |date=
     |title=
     |url=
     |location=
     |publisher=
     |page= <!-- or pages= -->
     |isbn=
    }}
    


    Full parameter set in horizontal format

    {{cite book |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |author-mask3= |author-mask4= |author-mask5= |name-list-style= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |display-translators= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |date= |year= |orig-year= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapter-url= |chapter-format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |url-access= |format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |ismn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |lay-url= |lay-source= |lay-date= |lay-format= |quote= |name-list-style= |mode= |postscript= |ref=}}

    Full parameter set in vertical format
    Parameters Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes Vertical list
    last1 Author's last name or single name author. Don't link.
    {{cite book
     |last1                =
     |first1               =
     |author-link1         =
     |last2                =
     |first2               =
     |author-link2         =
     |last3                =
     |first3               =
     |author-link3         =
     |last4                =
     |first4               =
     |author-link4         =
     |last5                =
     |first5               =
     |author-link5         =
     |display-authors      =
     |author-mask1         =
     |author-mask2         =
     |author-mask3         =
     |author-mask4         =
     |author-mask5         =
     |name-list-style      =
     |translator-last1     =
     |translator-first1    =
     |translator-link1     =
     |translator-last2     =
     |translator-first2    =
     |translator-link2     =
     |display-translators  =
     |translator-mask1     =
     |translator-mask2     =
     |date                 =
     |year                 =
     |orig-year            =
     |chapter              =
     |script-chapter       =
     |trans-chapter        =
     |chapter-url          =
     |chapter-format       =
     |editor1-last         =
     |editor1-first        =
     |editor1-link         =
     |editor2-last         =
     |editor2-first        =
     |editor2-link         =
     |editor3-last         =
     |editor3-first        =
     |editor3-link         =
     |editor4-last         =
     |editor4-first        =
     |editor4-link         =
     |editor5-last         =
     |editor5-first        =
     |editor5-link         =
     |display-editors      =
     |title                =
     |script-title         =
     |trans-title          =
     |url                  =
     |url-status           =
     |url-access           =
     |format               =
     |type                 =
     |series               =
     |language             =
     |volume               =
     |others               =
     |edition              =
     |location             =
     |publisher            =
     |publication-date     =
     |page                 =
     |pages                =
     |at                   =
     |nopp                 =
     |arxiv                =
     |asin                 =
     |bibcode              =
     |doi                  =
     |doi-broken-date      =
     |isbn                 =
     |ismn                 =
     |issn                 =
     |jfm                  =
     |jstor                =
     |lccn                 =
     |mr                   =
     |oclc                 =
     |ol                   =
     |osti                 =
     |pmc                  =
     |pmid                 =
     |rfc                  =
     |ssrn                 =
     |zbl                  =
     |id                   =
     |archive-url          =
     |archive-date         =
     |access-date          =
     |via                  =
     |lay-url              =
     |lay-source           =
     |lay-date             =
     |lay-format           =
     |quote                =
     |name-list-style     =
     |mode                 =
     |postscript           =
     |ref                  =
    }}
    
    first1 last1 Author's first name. Don't link.
    author-link1 last1 Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link.
    last2 last1 Like last1, but for 2nd author.
    first2 last2 Like first1, but for 2nd author.
    author-link2 last2 Like author-link1, but for 2nd author.
    last3 last2 Like last1, but for 3rd author.
    first3 last3 Like first1, but for 3rd author.
    author-link3 last3 Like author-link1, but for 3rd author.
    last4 last3 Like last1, but for 4th author.
    first4 last4 Like first1, but for 4th author.
    author-link4 last4 Like author-link1, but for 4th author.
    last5 last4 Like last1, but for 5th author. Similar: last6, etc.
    first5 last5 Like first1, but for 5th author. Similar: first6, etc.
    author-link5 last5 Like author-link1, but for 5th author. Similar: author-link6, etc.
    display-authors last1 Number (number of authors displayed) or etal (more authors)
    author-mask1 last1 See Display options below; not for lists of cited works
    author-mask2 last2
    author-mask3 last3
    author-mask4 last4
    author-mask5 last5
    name-list-style last2 Set to amp or ampersand to separate the last author with " & "; set to and to separate with " and "
    translator-last1 Like last1, but for translator
    translator-first1 translator-last1 Like first1, but for translator
    translator-link1 translator-last1 Like author-link1, but for translator
    translator-last2 translator-last1 Like last1, but for 2nd translator. Similar: translator-last3, etc.
    translator-first2 translator-last2 Like first1, but for 2nd translator. Similar: translator-first3, etc.
    translator-link2 translator-last2 Like author-link1, but for 2nd transl. Similar: translator-link3, ...
    display-translators translator-last1 Like display-authors, but for translators
    translator-mask1 translator-last1 See Display options below; not for lists of cited works
    translator-mask2 translator-last2
    date
    year
    orig-year year or date
    chapter This should be the title of the chapter cited. Do not wikilink "chapter" if "chapterurl" is provided
    script-chapter
    trans-chapter chapter or script-chapter
    chapter-url chapter or script-chapter
    chapter-format chapter-url
    editor1-last may also use "editor-last"
    editor1-first editor1-last may also use 'editor-first"
    editor1-link editor1-last may also use "editor-link"
    editor1-mask editor1-last
    display-editors
    title
    script-title
    trans-title title or script-title
    url title or script-title
    url-status archive-url
    url-access url
    format url
    type
    series
    language
    volume
    others
    edition Ordinal number
    location publisher
    publisher
    publication-date
    page choose one: "page", "pages", or "at"
    pages choose one: "page", "pages", or "at". Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text.
    at choose one: "page", "pages", or "at"
    nopp page or pages set nopp to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers
    arxiv
    asin
    bibcode
    doi
    doi-broken-date doi
    isbn always include ISBN, if one has been assigned
    issn
    ismn
    jfm
    jstor
    lccn
    mr
    oclc
    ol
    osti
    pmc
    pmid
    rfc
    ssrn
    zbl
    id
    archive-url archive-date, url
    archive-date archive-url
    access-date url
    via
    lay-url
    lay-source lay-url
    lay-date lay-url
    lay-format lay-url
    quote
    name-list-format vanc to emulate Vancouver style
    mode cs1 or cs2
    postscript
    ref
    If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

    Examples[edit source]

    Title

    • {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book}}
    Mysterious Book.

    Title and year

    • {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book |date=1901}}
    Mysterious Book. 1901.

    Basic usage (single author)

    • {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}
    Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs.

    Basic usage (two authors)

    • {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |author-link1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Bloggs |first2=Fred |author-link2=Fred Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}
    Bloggs, Joe; Bloggs, Fred (1974). Book of Bloggs.

    Basic usage with url (and access-date) and edition

    • {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs |edition=1st |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}}
    Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs (1st ed.). Retrieved February 17, 2006.

    Citing a chapter in a book with different authors for different chapters and an editor

    • {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Fred |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=January 1, 2001 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family |isbn=978-1-234-56789-7}}
    Bloggs, Fred (January 1, 2001). "Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-1-234-56789-7.

    Citing a chapter in a book with two joint authors and an editor

    • {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |last2=Egg |first2=Fred |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=January 1, 2001 |orig-year=1st pub. 1986 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 6: Getting There |chapterurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |isbn=978-1-234-56789-7 |name-list-style=amp}}
    Bloggs, Joe & Egg, Fred (January 1, 2001) [1st pub. 1986]. "Chapter 6: Getting There". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-1-234-56789-7.

    Three authors, title with a piped wikilink, edition

    • {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |author-link1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Smith |first2=John |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |title=[[A Thousand Acres|1000 Acres]] |edition=2nd}}
    Bloggs, Joe; Smith, John; Smythe, Jim. 1000 Acres (2nd ed.).

    Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (without volume and lastauthoramp)

    • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |date=2007 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3}}
    Playfair, I.S.O.; Stitt, G.M.S.; Molony, C.J.C.; Toomer, S.E. (2007) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

    Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (with volume and lastauthoramp)

    • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East |volume=Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |date=2007 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |name-list-style=amp}}
    Playfair, I.S.O.; Stitt, G.M.S.; Molony, C.J.C. & Toomer, S.E. (2007) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

    Date without day, wikilinked title and publisher, pages, edition, location

    • {{cite book |last1=Cordell |first1=Bruce R. |last2=Grubb |first2=Jeff |last3=Noonan |first3=David |date=September 2001 |title=[[Manual of the Planes]] |edition=3rd |publisher=Wizards of the Coast |location=Renton, Washington |isbn=0-7869-1850-0 |pages=134–137}}
    Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001). Manual of the Planes (3rd ed.). Renton, Washington: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 134–137. ISBN 0-7869-1850-0.

    Other language

    • {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Jean |date=1974 |title=Livre de Bloggs |edition=1st |language=French |trans-title=Book of Bloggs |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}}
    Bloggs, Jean (1974). Livre de Bloggs [Book of Bloggs] (in French) (1st ed.). Retrieved February 17, 2006.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

    Using a DOI

    • {{cite book |last=Mumford |first=David |author-link=David Mumford |date=1999 |title=The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians |edition=2nd |publisher=Springer-Verlag |doi=10.1007/b62130 |isbn=354063293X}}
    Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.

    Using author-mask parameter

    • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |name-list-style=amp}}
    Playfair, I.S.O.; Stitt, G.M.S.; Molony, C.J.C. & Toomer, S.E. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.
    • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=F.C. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-66-1 |name-list-style=amp |author-mask=2}}
    ——; Flynn, F.C.; Molony, C.J.C. & Toomer, S.E. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-66-1.
    • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=F.C. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Gleave |first4=T.P. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=Sir James |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-67-X |name-list-style=amp |author-mask=2}}
    ——; Flynn, F.C.; Molony, C.J.C. & Gleave, T.P. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, Sir James (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-67-X.

    Using display-authors parameter

    • {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I.S.O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |date=2004 |orig-year=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |display-authors=1}}
    Playfair, I.S.O.; et al. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

    Parameters[edit source]

    Syntax[edit source]

    Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

    • parent
    • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
      • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
      • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
    Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

    If non-hyphenated aliases of parameters with hyphens are defined, they exist only for legacy support (and are subject to become unsupported in the future); therefore, to streamline the appearance and improve consistency, select the hyphenated variant when adding parameters to a citation template and also consider switching already present non-hyphenated parameters to their hyphenated equivalents at the same time.

    COinS[edit source]

    This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

    • use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

    Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup '' (italic font) or ''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

    COinS metadata is created for these parameters[edit source]

    Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies.

    • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
    • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
    • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=, |booktitle=
    • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=, |publicationplace=
    • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=, |publicationdate=
    • |series=, |version=
    • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
    • |page=, |pages=, |at=
    • |edition=
    • |publisher=, |institution=
    • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=, |chapterurl=, |contributionurl=, |sectionurl=
    • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
    • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
    • |degree=
    • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

    What's new[edit source]

    What's new or changed recently
    Parameter Description Date
    |author-given= added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |author-first= October 2020
    |author-surname= added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |author-last= October 2020
    |display-subjects= added alias for |display-authors= for usage with |subject= October 2020
    |interviewer-given= added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |interviewer-first= October 2020
    |interviewer-surname= added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |interviewer-last= October 2020
    |orig-date= added canonical form for alias |orig-year= October 2020
    |quote-page= added single page specifier for |quote= October 2020
    |quote-pages= added multiple pages specifier for |quote= October 2020
    |sbn= added identifier parameter for Standard Book Numbers April 2020
    |script-quote= added non-Latin script text facility for |quote= October 2020
    |subject-mask= added aliases (including enumerated forms) to |author-mask= for usage with |subject= October 2020
    |s2cid= added identifier parameter for Semantic Scholar corpus ID April 2020
    |s2cid-access= added access-icon parameter for |s2cid= April 2020
    |title-link= added special tokens none/doi/pmc to override/disable auto-linking ({{cite journal}} only) October 2020
    |trans-quote= added translated text facility for |quote= October 2020
    accept-this-as-written-markup added for |doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, |sbn= October 2020

    Deprecated[edit source]

    Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
    Deprecated parameter Replace with Date
    |authormask= |author-mask= October 2020
    |authormaskn= |author-maskn= October 2020
    |authornmask= |authorn-mask= October 2020
    |displayauthors= |display-authors= October 2020
    |editorlink= |editor-link= October 2020
    |editorlinkn= |editor-linkn= October 2020
    |editornlink= |editorn-link= October 2020
    |editors= |editor= (1 editor) or |editorn= (more than 1 editor) or |veditors= (for Vancouver style editors). Consider |editor-maskn= if annotation is required. October 2020
    |ignore-isbn-error= |isbn=((<isbn>)) October 2020
    |last-author-amp= |name-list-style=amp October 2020
    |lastauthoramp= |name-list-style=amp October 2020
    |subjectlink= |subject-link= October 2020
    |subjectlinkn= |subject-linkn= October 2020
    |subjectnlink= |subjectn-link= October 2020
    Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
    Removed parameter Replace with Date
    |authorfirst= |author-first= October 2020
    |authorfirstn= |author-firstn= October 2020
    |authornfirst= |authorn-first= October 2020
    |authorlast= |author-last= October 2020
    |authorlastn= |author-lastn= October 2020
    |authornlast= |authorn-last= October 2020
    |authorgiven= |author-given= October 2020
    |authorgivenn= |author-givenn= October 2020
    |authorngiven= |authorn-given= October 2020
    |authorsurname= |author-surname= October 2020
    |authorsurnamen= |author-surnamen= October 2020
    |authornsurname= |authorn-surname= October 2020
    |deadurl=yes |url-status=dead September 2019
    |dead-url=yes |url-status=dead September 2019
    |displayeditors= |display-editors= October 2020
    |doi-broken= |doi-broken-date= October 2020
    |doi-inactive-date= |doi-broken-date= October 2020
    |editorfirst= |editor-first= October 2020
    |editorfirstn= |editor-firstn= October 2020
    |editornfirst= |editorn-first= October 2020
    |editorlast= |editor-last= October 2020
    |editorlastn= |editor-lastn= October 2020
    |editornlast= |editorn-last= October 2020
    |editorgiven= |editor-given= October 2020
    |editorgivenn= |editor-givenn= October 2020
    |editorngiven= |editorn-given= October 2020
    |editorsurname= |editor-surname= October 2020
    |editorsurnamen= |editor-surnamen= October 2020
    |editornsurname= |editorn-surname= October 2020
    |editormask= |editor-mask= October 2020
    |editormaskn= |editor-maskn= October 2020
    |editornmask= |editorn-mask= October 2020
    |embargo= |pmc-embargo-date= October 2020
    |ignoreisbnerror= |isbn=((<isbn>)) October 2020
    |interviewerlink= |interviewer-link= October 2020
    |interviewerlinkn= |interviewer-linkn= October 2020
    |interviewernlink= |interviewern-link= October 2020
    |interviewermask= |interviewer-mask= October 2020
    |interviewermaskn= |interviewer-maskn= October 2020
    |interviewernmask= |interviewern-mask= October 2020
    |no-cat= |no-tracking= October 2020
    |notracking= |no-tracking= October 2020
    |registration= |url-access=registration January 2020
    |series-separator= (delete) October 2020
    |subscription= |url-access=subscription January 2020

    In addition to the above list(s) of deprecated and removed parameters, all non-hyphenated aliases of parameters with hyphens are discouraged to be used in citation templates and are kept only for legacy support. They are subject to becoming deprecated and unsupported in the future as well. To streamline the appearance and improve consistency across the project, these variants should no longer be used when adding parameters to citation templates. Instead, select the hyphenated parameter variants and also consider switching other non-hyphenated parameters, which may be present in a citation already, to their hyphenated equivalents at the same time.

    Description[edit source]

    Authors[edit source]

    • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
      • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead.
      • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
      • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
      • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, authorlink, authorlink1, author1-link, author1link.
      • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: authorlink1 through authorlinkn, or author1-link through authorn-link, or author1link through authornlink.
      • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. Alias: name-list-format (deprecated)
    • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
      |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
      • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
    • authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
    • contributor-last: (book cites only) surname of the author of contribution (which is required). Aliases: contributor-surname, contributor1, contributor1-last, contributor-last1.
      • contributor-first: Given or first names of contributor. Do not wikilink—use contributor-link instead. Aliases: contributor-given, contributor1-first, contributor-first1.
      • OR: for multiple contributors, use contributor-last1, contributor-first1 through contributor-lastn, contributor-firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of contributors (each contributor-firstn requires a corresponding contributor-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: contributor1-last, contributor1-first through contributorn-last, contributorn-first, or contributor1 through contributorn.
      • contributor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the contributor—not the contributor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: contributor-link1, contributor1-link.
      • OR: for multiple contributors, use contributor-link1 through contributor-linkn. Aliases: contributor1-link through contributorn-link.
    • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
      • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
      • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
      • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
      • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
    • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
    • others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
    • Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

    Title[edit source]

    (See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

    • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
      • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
        ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
      • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
    Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
    newline [ ] |
    space &#91; &#93; {{!}} (preferred)
    {{bracket|text}} &#124; or {{pipe}}see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe
    • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. Alias: titlelink.
    • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.
    • chapter: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may use chapter-url, but not both. Displays in quotes. If script-chapter is defined, use chapter to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-chapter
      • script-chapter: Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); follows Romanization defined in chapter (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
        ... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...
      • trans-chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after the chapter field; if chapter-url is defined, then trans-chapter is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
    • contribution: A separately-authored part of author's book. May be wikilinked or may use contribution-url, but not both. Values of Afterword, Foreword, Introduction, or Preface will display unquoted; any other value will display in quotation marks. The author of the contribution is given in contributor.
    • language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru;, |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: español at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

    Date[edit source]

    • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
    For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

    For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
    Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
    • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
      1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
      2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
    • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year, origyear
    • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
      dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
      mdy – as above for month day, year format
      ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
      dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
      mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
      ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    1. Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.

    Publisher[edit source]

    • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
    • place: For news stories with a dateline, that is, the location where the story was written. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
    • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
    • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if date (or year) are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
    • via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions.

    Edition, series, volume[edit source]

    • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
    • series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.
    • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37); volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase roman numerals, or less than five characters will appear in bold. Any non-numeric value of five or more characters will be presumed to follow some other convention and will not appear in bold.

    In-source locations[edit source]

    • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
    • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
      Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp.
      • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
    • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
      Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
    • For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.

    URL[edit source]

    • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
      • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1] Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
      • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine), WebCite (see Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and archive.is (see Wikipedia:Using archive.is); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
        • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
        • url-status: this optional parameter is ignored if archive-url is not set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
        • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=
      • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
    • format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

    URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

    If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

    space " ' < > [ ] { | }
    %20 %22 %27 %3C %3E %5B %5D %7B %7C %7D

    Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

    1. 1.0 1.1 Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.

    Chapter URL[edit source]

    • chapter-url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by chapter or contribution can be found. Cannot be used if those parameters are wikilinked. Should be at the same site as url, if any. If chapter-url is used, url should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site. Aliases: contribution-url, section-url, chapterurl.
    • chapter-format: Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

    Anchor[edit source]

    • ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; |ref=harv may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

    Identifiers[edit source]

    • id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

    The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

    • arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
    • asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
      • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: au, br, ca, cn, co.jp, co.uk, de, es, fr, it, mx. Aliases: none.
    • bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
    • biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
    • citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
    • doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
      • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
      • doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
    • eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
      • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
    • hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
    • isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN, isbn13, ISBN13.
      • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
    • ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
    • issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
      • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
    • jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
    • jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
    • lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN.
    • mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR.
    • oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC.
    • ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
    • osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI.
    • pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.. Aliases: PMC.
      • pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
    • pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMID.
    • rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC.
    • sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.
      • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
    • ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN.
    • s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID.
    • zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.

    In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

    For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

    For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

    It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

    Quote[edit source]

    • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
      • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
        ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
      • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
    • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page= or |pages=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
    • OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by colon pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes. Alias: none.

    Editors[edit source]

    • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
      • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
      • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
      • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....
      • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
      • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
      • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. Alias: name-list-format (deprecated)
    • veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
      |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
      • editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above
    • editors (deprecated): free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged; not an alias of editor-last
    • Display:
      Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
      If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
      If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

    Laysummary[edit source]

    • lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Alias: layurl.
      • lay-source: Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash. Alias: laysource.
      • lay-date: Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses. Alias: laydate.
      • lay-format: File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

    Display options[edit source]

    • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
    • author-mask:
    • contributor-mask:
    • editor-mask:
    • interviewer-mask:
    • subject-mask:
    • translator-mask:
      Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.
    • display-authors:
    • display-contributors:
    • display-editors:
    • display-interviewers:
    • display-subjects:
    • display-translators:
      Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayauthors (deprecated).
    • last-author-amp (deprecated; use name-list-style): Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to y, yes, or true. Example: |last-author-amp=yes
    • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text or templates beyond the terminating punctuation may generate an error message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

    Subscription or registration required[edit source]

    Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal the access restrictions of the external links included in a citation.

    Four access levels can be used:

    As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, these values are attributed to a particular external link.

    Access indicators for url-holding parameters[edit source]

    Sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read.[1] When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free.

    URL-holding and access-indicator parameters
    URL Access Allowed keywords
    |url= |url-access= registration Free registration required
    limited Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required
    subscription Paid subscription required
    |article-url= |article-url-access=
    |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access=
    |contribution-url= |contribution-url-access=
    |entry-url= |entry-url-access=
    |map-url= |map-url-access=
    |section-url= |section-url-access=
    Access indicator for named identifiers[edit source]

    Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.

    Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
    Identifier Access Allowed keywords
    |bibcode= |bibcode-access= free Freely accessible
    |doi= |doi-access=
    |hdl= |hdl-access=
    |jstor= |jstor-access=
    |ol= |ol-access=
    |osti= |osti-access=
    |s2cid= |s2cid-access=

    Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named-identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters, the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

    • |arxiv=
    • |biorxiv=
    • |citeseerx=
    • |pmc=
    • |rfc=
    • |ssrn=

    TemplateData[edit source]

    See Template:Cite book/TemplateData.

    See also[edit source]

    This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.


    1. This guidance does not restrict linking to websites that are being used as sources to provide content in articles.