Editing Technologies

[[File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Planet Earth. Lets try to promote good tech and warn about and counteract bad tech.]]

{{Q|'''Technology''' ("science of craft", from [[w:Ancient Greek|Greek]]  τέχνη, ''techne'', "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, ''[[w:wikt:-logia|-logia]]'') is the collection of [[w:Art techniques and materials|techniques]], [[w:skill|skill]]s, [[w:Scientific method|methods]], and [[w:Business process|processes]] used in the production of [[w:Good (economics)|goods]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as [[w:scientific investigation|scientific investigation]].|Wikipedia|technology}}


This article aims to gather tech relevant for the well being of the populations and the planet. Technology can be used for good and evil this is a good reason to keep up-to-date on the problems and opportunities and good solutions. 

= Automation =

{{Q|'''Automation''' is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance.|Wikipedia|[[w:automation|automation]]}}

[[File:Velib automated bike rentals.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Automated locking system makes bikesharing efficient.]]

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= AI =

{{Q|'''Artificial intelligence''' ('''AI'''), sometimes called '''machine intelligence''', is [[w:intelligence|intelligence]] demonstrated by [[w:machine|machine]]s, in contrast to the '''natural intelligence''' displayed by humans and animals.  Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is used to describe machines that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other [[w:human mind|human mind]]s, such as "learning" and "problem solving".|Wikipedia|[[w:artificial intelligence|AI]]}}

* [[w:Applications of artificial intelligence]]

''' Learn '''
* https://www.elementsofai.com/ - a free-of-charge 2 CU introductory course to AI made by the [[w:University of Helsinki|University of Helsinki]] and [https://www.reaktor.com/ Reaktor Group Ltd]
* http://introtodeeplearning.com/ - a free-of-charge introductory course to AI made by [[w:Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
* https://korbit.ai/machinelearning - "LEARN AI WITH AN AI" by Korbit.ai
* [https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning ''''Machine Learning'''' by Andrew Ng at coursera.org]<ref group="1st seen in">https://www.facebook.com/groups/2059467967664033/ 'Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning' Facebook group</ref> offered by the [[w:Stanford University]]

''' Useful resources '''
* [https://github.com/pawangeek/Deep-NLP-Resources List of Natural Language Processing (NLP) Resources] curated by pawangeek

''' For Consumerium '''
* [[w:Firebase#ML_Kit|ML Kit for Firebase]] is a mobile [[w:machine learning|machine learning]] system for developers. It can be used to recognize [[barcodes]] and QR-codes. <ref>https://medium.com/@bapspatil/ok-ml-kit-how-smart-are-you-83c9e58b7330</ref>

''' Reviews and regulation '''
* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'] at the [[w:Library of Congress]] (loc.gov)
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov] 
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov] 
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)]
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)]

[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]] (gibsondunn.com) is a global [[w:law firm|law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890. They publish a quarterly legal update on "Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems"
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2018' at Gibson & Dunn]
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019']
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019']

''' Fields '''

AI is can be divided to multiple subfields:

* '''[[w:Machine learning]]''' ('''ML''') is the [[w:Branches of science|scientific study]] of [[w:algorithm]]s and [[w:statistical model]]s that [[w:computer systems]] use to effectively perform a specific task without using explicit instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead. ( Wikipedia )
** [[w:Deep learning]]
** [[w:Supervised learning]]
** [[w:Unsupervised learning]]

* '''[[w:Natural language processing]]''' ('''NLP''') is a subfield of [[w:computer science]], [[w:Information engineering (field)|information engineering]], and [[w:artificial intelligence]] concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages, in particular how to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of [[w:natural language]] data. ( Wikipedia )
** [[w:Information extraction]]
** [[w:Statistical classification]]
** [[w:Machine translation]]
** [[w:Question answering]]
** [[w:Natural-language generation]]

* '''[[w:Expert system]]''' is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. ( Wikipedia )

* '''[[w:Computer vision]]'''
** [[w:Computer vision#Recognition|Image recognition]]
** [[w:Machine vision]]

* '''[[w:Speech]]'''
** [[w:Speech recognition]]
** [[w:Speech synthesis]]

* '''[[w:Automated planning and scheduling]]'''
* '''[[w:Robotics]]'''

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= Ecological tech =
There are various interesting ecological technologies being piloted.

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== Hydrogen ==
[[File:Hydrogen atom.svg|thumb|right|240px|The size of a [[w:hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom, the lightest atom, consisting of a proton and an electron. According to Wikipedia hydrogen atom is roughly  1,1 Å. An [[w:Ångstrom|Ångstrom]] is 10−<sup>10</sup> m or a ten-billionth of a metre]]
[[File:Dihydrogen-2D-dimensions.png|thumb|right|240px|The distance of the hydrogen atoms in a H<sub>2</sub> molecule. Pico is 1×10<sup>−12</sup> m, or one trillionth (1/1000000000000) of a metre]] 
Hydrogen can be produced by from [[w:water|water]] by [[w:electrolysis|electrolysis]] even on an industrial scale, with [[#Hydrogen panels]] or from [[w:hydrocarbon|hydrocarbon]]s by [[w:steam reforming|steam reforming]].

Hydrogen fuel produced from (locally) harvested energy either by hydrogen panels or electrolysis plants can be considered and is being widely marketed as carbon-free, whereas steam reforming from other fuels causes carbon emissions. 

{{Q|The '''[[w:Hydrogen economy|Hydrogen economy]]''' is the use of [[w:hydrogen fuel|hydrogen]] as a low carbon [[w:fuel|fuel]], particularly for [[w:Central heating#Environmental aspects|heating]], [[w:Hydrogen Vehicles|hydrogen vehicles]],<ref>[http://www.iphe.net/docs/Resources/Power_trains_for_Europe.pdf A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis]</ref> [[w:Underground hydrogen storage|seasonal energy storage]] and long distance transport of [[w:energy|energy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|IEA H2|2019|p=13}}</ref>|Wikipedia|definition of [[w:hydrogen economy|hydrogen economy]]}}

=== Hydrogen panels ===
Researchers from [[w:KU Leuven|KU Leuven]], Belgium have created hydrogen panels, that convert water vapor to hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight. 

* [https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2019/ku-leuven-researchers-hydrogen-gas-panel KU Leuven News: 'Looking past the hype: KU Leuven researchers shed more light on their hydrogen panel'] (March 2019)

=== Hydrogen aviation ===
[https://www.zeroavia.com/ ZeroAvia.com] has been developing [[w:fuel cell|fuel cell]]-based [[w:powertrain|powertrain]]s for aviation.  

''' Links '''
* [https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1006 'ZeroAvia’s Hydrogen-Fueled Powertrain for Zero-Emission Aircraft' at AZoCleanTech.com]
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=== Hydrogen purified steel ===
'''HYBRIT''' is an abbreviation of '''HY'''drogen '''BR'''eakthrough '''I'''ronmaking '''T'''echnology, where iron for steel making is not purified by a process called coking, but instead using massive amounts of hydrogen to purify it.

[[w:SSAB]] and partners are building a small-scale pilot production line in Luleå, Sweden, slated to be launched in 2020.

* [http://www.hybritdevelopment.com/ Official HYBRIT development website] for more info.

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== Ecological electric ==
=== Sodium batteries ===
==== Broadbit sodium batteries ====
* http://www.broadbit.com/ is a technology company developing revolutionary new batteries using novel sodium-based chemistries to power the future green economy.

==== IBM sodium batteries ====
* [https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/12/heavy-metal-free-battery/ 'Free of Heavy Metals, New Battery Design Could Alleviate Environmental Concerns' at IBM Research Blog], a Dec 2018 post 


=== Plant-based batteries and supercapacitors ===
{{Q|A '''[[w:supercapacitor|supercapacitor]]''' is a high-capacity [[w:capacitor|capacitor]] with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors, but with lower voltage limits, that bridges the gap between [[w:electrolytic capacitor|electrolytic capacitor]]s and [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]]. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more [[w:specific energy|energy per unit volume or mass]] than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more [[w:charge and discharge cycle|charge and discharge cycle]]s than [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]].|Wikipedia|definition of a supercapacitator}}

{{Q|Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles, rather than long term compact energy storage&nbsp;— in automobiles, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they are used for [[w:Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]], short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power delivery.|Wikipedia|uses of supercapacitors}}

Spent '''[[w:hemp|hemp]]''' has been studied for use in electrical engineering.

* [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn400731g 'Interconnected Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Hemp for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy'], a 2014 scientific article published in [[w:ACS Nano]], a monthly, [[w:peer review|peer-reviewed]], [[w:scientific journal]], published by the [[w:American Chemical Society]].
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28770876 BBC.com article on 'Hemp fibres "better than graphene"'] (2014)

''' [[w:Pine|Pine]] bark and [[w:Brewer's spent grain|spent grain]] ''' studied for biocoal for batteries and supercapacitors

* [[w:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland|VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland]] blog post [https://www.vttresearch.com/Impulse/Pages/Greener-electronics-from-spent-grain-and-pine-bark.aspx "Greener electronics from spent grain and pine bark"] states that VTT and [[w:Aalto University|Aalto University]] have joined the [[w:Academy of Finland|Academy of Finland]]'s FinnCERES flagship programme to study the possibilities of using [[w:biocoal|biocoal]] made from [[w:Brewer's spent grain|brewery waste]] and [[w:pulp mill|pulp mill]] [[w:waste|waste]] to make [[w:electrical battery|batteries]], [[w:supercapacitor]]s and [[w:solar panel|solar panel]]s.
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== CO2 capture ==
CO2 capture can refer to capturing CO2 from an industrial process or just grabbing it from air.

* [https://www.fastcompany.com/90356326/we-have-the-tech-to-suck-co2-from-the-air-but-can-it-suck-enough-to-make-a-difference FastCompany.com article 'We have the tech to suck CO2 from the air–but can it suck enough to make a difference?'] (2019)

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== Power-to-gas ==
Power-to-gas technologies are advancing. Power-to-gas involves energy losses in the conversion, but the power of gaseous energy that it is much cheaper to store than electricity, plus the distribution networks largely exist already.

Potential target fuels are hydrogen and methane. Hydrogen is being mixed into natural gas networks in Germany with no negative side-effects.

[[w:Methanation]] is the process of making methane from carbon oxides and hydrogen. Methane is a drop-in replacement for LNG and therefore could help us away from fossil dependence/capitalism. The price of proton-exchange electrolyzers has dropped by roughly 40 percent during the past decade the Scientific American Reports 

Converting excess electricity from solar and wind farms to gases may be a very good idea as they can then readily be used to produce electricity during low-output times of solar and wind energy and because the systems to store the gas already exist.

* [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/europe-stores-electricity-in-gas-pipes/ Scientific American article 'Europe Stores Electricity in Gas Pipes']

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== Recycling tech ==

=== Plastics-to-fuel ===
Researchers from [[w:Purdue University|Purdue University]] have developed [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03841 a technology entitled 'Use of Supercritical Water for the Liquefaction of Polypropylene into Oil'] that works on [[w:polyolefin|polyolefin]] waste, the sort of plastic used for [[w:grocery bag|grocery bag]]s, [[w:toy|toy]]s, and [[w:shrink wrap|shrink wrap]]. This sort of plastic accounts for about 23% of [[w:plastic waste|plastic waste]], according to researchers who describe the process in a paper published in Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, a publication of the [[w:American Chemical Society|American Chemical Society]]. The new technique uses a process called [[w:hydrothermal liquefaction|hydrothermal liquefaction]], in which very high temperatures melt pellets of polyolefin and then dissolve them in [[w:water|water]]. The by-products of this process are [[w:oil|oil]], [[w:gas|gas]], or [[w:solvent|solvent]]s.<ref>https://www.technologyreview.com/f/612935/a-new-chemical-process-could-turn-a-quarter-of-our-plastic-waste-into-clean-fuel/</ref>

''' Links about plastics-to-fuel '''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqRbc_0SaVs 'Chemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuel'], a Youtube by Purdue Engineering (2019-02) 

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== Food tech ==

=== Food from air and electricity ===
In Finland Solar Foods Ltd. has demonstrated making protein called Solein with renewable electricity and CO2 as raw material and are building their first real plant soon.

Water demand of this new method is fraction of plant-based nutrition, let alone meats and it is slightly CO2 negative if the electricity is not from CO2 emitting power plants. 

* [https://solarfoods.fi/ Solar Foods Ltd. official website]

* [https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finnish_breakthrough_making_protein_out_of_thin_air_and_electricity/9736360 YLE (Finnish public broadcasting corporation) reporting on Solein: Finnish breakthrough: Making protein out of thin air and electricity] (2017)
* [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/29/plan-to-sell-50m-meals-electricity-water-air-solar-foods The Guardian reporting on 'Plan to sell 50m meals made from electricity, water and air'] (2019)

=== Cattle emissions ===
According to Australian research, if 2% dry matter of the [[w:Asparagopsis taxiformis|Asparagopsis taxiformis]] seaweed is added to cattle fodder, the bovines' methane production falls to a tiny fraction (fall of 98.9%) in 72 hrs compared to cattle fed with traditional feed.

''' Scientific articles '''
* [http://www.publish.csiro.au/an/AN15576 'The red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural antimethanogenic that reduces methane production during in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid'] was published in [[w:Animal Production Science|Animal Production Science]], a journal by [[w:CSIRO Publishing|CSIRO Publishing]] in February 2016
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305768532_Asparagopsis_taxiformis_decreases_enteric_methane_production_from_sheep 'Asparagopsis taxiformis decreases enteric methane production from sheep'] published in [[w:Animal Production Science|Animal Production Science]] in August 2016

''' Links '''
* [https://www.sustainability-times.com/environmental-protection/to-stop-cows-producing-methane-we-can-feed-them-seaweed/ 

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== Limestone-based materials ==
* [https://tb-m.com/en/limex/about/ LIMEX] is a new material mainly made from limestone, that can become an alternative to paper and plastic. It is developed by TBM Co., Ltd., a Japanese company

== Hemp tech ==
Development of sound hemp products has suffered from the prohibition of the plant since 1937

[[w:List of hemp products|Wikipedia's list of hemp products]] is not complete by a far shot. 

''' Links '''
* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/janetwburns/2018/09/30/we-should-be-pouring-time-and-money-into-hemp-period/#2ab8f6836487 'We Should Be Pouring Time And Money Into Hemp, Period.'], a September 2018 Forbes article
* [https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/sep/25/hemp-wood-fibre-construction-climate-change 'Growing our way out of climate change by building with hemp and wood fibre'], a 2014 article by The Guardian

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=== Hemp wood ===
From seed to building material in less than a year is a reality in Kentucky as the first HempWood factory has opened. HempWood is said to have slightly better characteristics than oak.

* [https://hempwood.com/ Official website of HempWood]

* [https://www.psnet.biz/forum/cbd-news/oak-is-out-hemp-is-in-hempwood-factory-opens-in-kentucky 'Oak is Out, Hemp is in – HempWood Factory Opens in Kentucky']

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=== Hempcrete ===
'''[[w:Hempcrete]]''' is a [[w:bio-composite]] material for construction.
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= Mobility tech =
[[Lists of shared and alternative transport and traveler routers]] lists carsharing, carpooling and traveler router services around the world.

== Ultimate mobility app of the future ==

[[w:self-driving cars]] + [[w:carsharing]] fleets + [[w:peer-to-peer carsharing]] services [[w:system integration|integration]] + [[w:carpooling]] services integration + [[w:journey planner|public transport travel routing]] integration of maximum smoothness.

[https://gomore.dk/ GoMore.dk] already made the "world first" of having p2p carsharing and carpooling in same app. They also offer leasing if you want to be the one sharing your ride. Hooray for Denmark. 

They currently work in Denmark, [https://gomore.se/ Sweden], [https://gomore.no/ Norway], [https://gomore.fr/ France] and [https://amovens.com/ Spain].

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= Consumerium tech =

<big>'''See [[systems selections]]''' for newest going ons</big>

* [[w:Debian GNU/Linux|Debian GNU/Linux]] [[w:Linux|L]][[w:Apache2|A]][[w:MySQL|M]][[w:PHP|P]] [[w:virtual private server|virtual private servers]]-from-[[w:cloud computing|cloud]]
* [[w:shell (computer)]], shell tools, [[w:shell scripting|shell script]], [[w:secure shell]], [[w:public key cryptography]],[[w:private key cryptography]]
* Core [[MediaWiki]] and it's [[categories]], [[templates]], extra [[namespaces]], [[MediaWiki/extensions|extensions]] and [[MediaWiki/widgets|widgets]], [[mw:Universal Language Selector]]
* [[w:Xen]] and [[w:KVM]] [[w:virtualization]] by the hosting guys ( [[ecology|ecological]] )
* [[DBpedia]] & [[Wikidata]], [[w:SPARQL]] queries to query [[w:Resource Description Framework|RDF]] subject/predicate/object [[w:triplet]]s that are safely stored in a [[w:Triplestore]]
* [[w:Wikiteam]] backs up wikis, XML [[Special:Import|Import]]-[[Special:Export|Export]]
* Security, [http://dumps.consumium.org/XML-dumps/ backups on dumps.consumium.org], [http://archive.org/details/wiki-develop.consumerium.org backups on archive.org] courtesy of [[w:Wikiteam]], off-line backups on removable media and other storage [[w:mysqldump]], [[Special:Export]], [[w:anachronistic scheduler]], [[w:rsync|rsync]]-over-[[w:ssh|ssh]], [[w:Tripwire]], [[w:GPG]], [[w:MD5]], [[w:HTTPS]], triple security
* Networking,  [[w:TCP|TCP]]/[[w:Internet Protocol|IP]], [[w:VPN]], [[w:VNC]], closed [[w:subnet]], [[w:iptables]] firewall
* Languages, [[w:PHP]], [[w:python]], [[w:perl]], [[w:regex]], SPARQL, [[Consumerium:Résumé|Français]], SQL, [[XML]], [[w:Resource Description Framework|RDF]] ...
* Stats, [[w:analog (program)]], hosting guys' stats, historical stats, http://stats.consumium.org potentially a breadcrumbs solution
* Internet Relay Chat - RecentChanges irc feeds - RecentChanges regex stalk irc feeds with BetaCommandBot or similar - ircbot/mediawikibot integration -> [[ConsUtilityBot]] ( probably in [[w:python]] based on the [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot|pyWikipediaBot framework]] )