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== Burseraceae | == Burseraceae == | ||
{{Q|The '''Burseraceae''' are a moderate-sized [[w:family (biology)|family]] of 17-19 [[w:genus|genera]] and about 540 [[w:species]] of [[w:flowering plant]]s. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae are also known as the '''torchwood''' family,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dimmitt|first1=Mark A.|title=Burseraceae (torchwood family)|url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_burseraceae.php|website=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum|publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref> the [[w:frankincense]] and [[w:myrrh]] family, or simply the '''incense tree family'''. The family includes both [[w:tree]]s and [[w:shrub]]s, and is native to tropical regions of [[w:Africa]], [[w:Asia]]. [[w:Australasia]], and the [[w:Americas]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Burseraceae]]<ref>quote fetched 2022-10-17 from version https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burseraceae&oldid=1068780504</ref> }} | {{Q|The '''Burseraceae''' are a moderate-sized [[w:family (biology)|family]] of 17-19 [[w:genus|genera]] and about 540 [[w:species]] of [[w:flowering plant]]s. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae are also known as the '''torchwood''' family,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dimmitt|first1=Mark A.|title=Burseraceae (torchwood family)|url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_burseraceae.php|website=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum|publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum|access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref> the [[w:frankincense]] and [[w:myrrh]] family, or simply the '''incense tree family'''. The family includes both [[w:tree]]s and [[w:shrub]]s, and is native to tropical regions of [[w:Africa]], [[w:Asia]]. [[w:Australasia]], and the [[w:Americas]].|Wikipedia|[[w:Burseraceae]]<ref>quote fetched 2022-10-17 from version https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burseraceae&oldid=1068780504</ref> }} | ||
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[[File:Fiori-Boswellia.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A flowering [[w:Boswellia sacra|Boswellia sacra]] tree]] | [[File:Fiori-Boswellia.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A flowering [[w:Boswellia sacra|Boswellia sacra]] tree]] | ||
'''[[w:Boswellia|Boswellia]]''' is a [[w:genus|genus]] of [[w:tree|tree]]s in the [[w:order (biology)|order]] [[w:Sapindales|Sapindales]], known for their fragrant [[w:resin|resin]]. The biblical incense '''[[w:frankincense]]''' was an extract from the resin of the tree ''[[w:Boswellia sacra|Boswellia sacra]]'', and is now produced also from ''[[w:Boswellia frereana|B. frereana]]''. (Wikipedia) | '''[[w:Boswellia|Boswellia]]''' is a [[w:genus|genus]] of [[w:tree|tree]]s in the [[w:order (biology)|order]] [[w:Sapindales|Sapindales]], known for their fragrant [[w:resin|resin]]. The biblical incense '''[[w:frankincense]]''' was an extract from the resin of the tree ''[[w:Boswellia sacra|Boswellia sacra]]'', and is now produced also from ''[[w:Boswellia frereana|B. frereana]]''. (Wikipedia) | ||
In vitro studies have found boswellia sacra essential oil to induce [[w:apoptosis]] and to suppress tumor agressiveness in [[#Breast cancer]]<ref name="BoswelliaBreastCancer2011">https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-11-129 'Boswellia sacra essential oil induces tumor cell-specific apoptosis and suppresses tumor aggressiveness in cultured human breast cancer cells'], a 2011 in vitro study</ref> | In vitro studies have found boswellia sacra essential oil to induce [[w:apoptosis]] and to suppress tumor agressiveness in [[#Breast cancer]]<ref name="BoswelliaBreastCancer2011">https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-11-129 'Boswellia sacra essential oil induces tumor cell-specific apoptosis and suppresses tumor aggressiveness in cultured human breast cancer cells'], a 2011 in vitro study</ref> | ||
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* [https://www.getholistichealth.com/78078/frankincense-outperform-chemo-killing-ovarian-cancer-cells/ 'Frankincense found to outperform chemo in killing Ovarian Cancer cells'] 2019 popular article on GetHolisticHealth.com | * [https://www.getholistichealth.com/78078/frankincense-outperform-chemo-killing-ovarian-cancer-cells/ 'Frankincense found to outperform chemo in killing Ovarian Cancer cells'] 2019 popular article on GetHolisticHealth.com | ||
== Commiphora - Myrrhs == | |||
{{Q|The genus of the myrrhs, '''''Commiphora''''', is the most species-rich [[w:genus]] of [[w:flowering plant]]s in the [[w:frankincense]] and [[w:myrrh]] family, [[w:Burseraceae]]. The genus contains approximately 190 species of [[w:shrub]]s and [[w:tree]]s, which are distributed throughout the (sub-) tropical regions of [[w:Africa]], the western Indian Ocean islands, the [[w:Arabian Peninsula]], [[w:India]], and [[w:South America]].<ref>Daly et al. 2011. Burseraceae. Families and genera of vascular plants. 10:76–104.</ref><ref name="Weeks, A 2007">Weeks, A. and Simpson, B.B. 2007. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Commiphora (Burseraceae) yields insight on the evolution and historical biogeography of an “impossible” genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 42:62–79.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Commiphora Jacq. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331509-2 |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref> The genus is drought-tolerant and common throughout the [[w:Xerophyte|xerophytic]] [[w:Scrubland|scrub]], [[w:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|seasonally dry tropical forests]], and [[w:woodland]]s of these regions.|Wikipedia|Commiphora<ref>quote fetched 2022-10-17 from version https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commiphora&oldid=1086242825 | {{Q|The genus of the myrrhs, '''''Commiphora''''', is the most species-rich [[w:genus]] of [[w:flowering plant]]s in the [[w:frankincense]] and [[w:myrrh]] family, [[w:Burseraceae]]. The genus contains approximately 190 species of [[w:shrub]]s and [[w:tree]]s, which are distributed throughout the (sub-) tropical regions of [[w:Africa]], the western Indian Ocean islands, the [[w:Arabian Peninsula]], [[w:India]], and [[w:South America]].<ref>Daly et al. 2011. Burseraceae. Families and genera of vascular plants. 10:76–104.</ref><ref name="Weeks, A 2007">Weeks, A. and Simpson, B.B. 2007. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Commiphora (Burseraceae) yields insight on the evolution and historical biogeography of an “impossible” genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 42:62–79.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Commiphora Jacq. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331509-2 |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}</ref> The genus is drought-tolerant and common throughout the [[w:Xerophyte|xerophytic]] [[w:Scrubland|scrub]], [[w:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|seasonally dry tropical forests]], and [[w:woodland]]s of these regions.|Wikipedia|Commiphora<ref>quote fetched 2022-10-17 from version https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commiphora&oldid=1086242825}} | ||
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* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328491516_6-gingerol_content_of_ginger_Zingiber_officinale_Roscoe_by_different_drying_metthods ''''''6-gingerol content of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by different drying methods''''''], a '''2018''' study presented at the 2018 International Congress on Botanical research in Tropical Asia | * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328491516_6-gingerol_content_of_ginger_Zingiber_officinale_Roscoe_by_different_drying_metthods ''''''6-gingerol content of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by different drying methods''''''], a '''2018''' study presented at the 2018 International Congress on Botanical research in Tropical Asia | ||
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284103333_Comparison_of_different_drying_methods_on_Chinese_ginger_Zingiberofficinale_Roscoe_Changes_in_volatiles_chemical_profile_antioxidant_properties_and_microstructure ''''''Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese ginger (Zingiberofficinale Roscoe): Changes in volatiles, chemical profile, antioxidant properties, and microstructure''''''], a '''2015''' study | * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284103333_Comparison_of_different_drying_methods_on_Chinese_ginger_Zingiberofficinale_Roscoe_Changes_in_volatiles_chemical_profile_antioxidant_properties_and_microstructure ''''''Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese ginger (Zingiberofficinale Roscoe): Changes in volatiles, chemical profile, antioxidant properties, and microstructure''''''], a '''2015''' study | ||
'''Possible medical applications of ginger''' | '''Possible medical applications of ginger''' | ||
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# Ginger may improve brain functioning and protect against Alzheimer's disease <ref group="1st seen in" name="healthline-ginger2017"/> | # Ginger may improve brain functioning and protect against Alzheimer's disease <ref group="1st seen in" name="healthline-ginger2017"/> | ||
# Gingerol can help lower risk of infections <ref group="1st seen in" name="healthline-ginger2017"/> | # Gingerol can help lower risk of infections <ref group="1st seen in" name="healthline-ginger2017"/> | ||
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# [[#Alzheimer's and turmeric]] | # [[#Alzheimer's and turmeric]] | ||
# [[#Cancers and turmeric]] | # [[#Cancers and turmeric]] | ||