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Technologies: Difference between revisions
→Plant-based batteries and supercapacitors: + w:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland blog post"Greener electronics from spent grain and pine bark" states that VTT and w:Aalto University have joined the w:Academy of Finland's FinnCERES flagship programme to study the possibilities of using w:biocoal [...] to make batteries, w:supercapacitors and w:solar panels
(→AI: + link to 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)) |
(→Plant-based batteries and supercapacitors: + w:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland blog post"Greener electronics from spent grain and pine bark" states that VTT and w:Aalto University have joined the w:Academy of Finland's FinnCERES flagship programme to study the possibilities of using w:biocoal [...] to make batteries, w:supercapacitors and w:solar panels) |
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** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)] | ** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)] | ||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)] | ** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)] | ||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)] | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov] | ** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov] | ||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)] | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)] | |||
[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]] (gibsondunn.com) is a global [[w:law firm|law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890. They publish a quarterly legal update on "Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems" | |||
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2018' at Gibson & Dunn] | |||
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019'] | |||
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019'] | |||
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019'] | |||
AI is can be divided to multiple subfields: | AI is can be divided to multiple subfields: | ||
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== Hydrogen == | == Hydrogen == | ||
[[File:Hydrogen atom.svg|thumb|right|240px|The size of a [[w:hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom, the lightest atom, consisting of a proton and an electron. According to Wikipedia hydrogen atom is roughly 1,1 Å. An [[w:Ångstrom|Ångstrom]] is 10−<sup>10</sup> m or a ten-billionth of a metre]] | |||
[[File:Dihydrogen-2D-dimensions.png|thumb|right|240px|The distance of the hydrogen atoms in a H<sub>2</sub> molecule. Pico is 1×10<sup>−12</sup> m, or one trillionth (1/1000000000000) of a metre]] | |||
Hydrogen can be produced by from [[w:water|water]] by [[w:electrolysis|electrolysis]] even on an industrial scale, with [[#Hydrogen panels]] or from [[w:hydrocarbon|hydrocarbon]]s by [[w:steam reforming|steam reforming]]. | |||
Hydrogen fuel produced from (locally) harvested energy either by hydrogen panels or electrolysis plants can be considered and is being widely marketed as carbon-free, whereas steam reforming from other fuels causes carbon emissions. | |||
{{Q|The '''[[w:Hydrogen economy|Hydrogen economy]]''' is the use of [[w:hydrogen fuel|hydrogen]] as a low carbon [[w:fuel|fuel]], particularly for [[w:Central heating#Environmental aspects|heating]], [[w:Hydrogen Vehicles|hydrogen vehicles]],<ref>[http://www.iphe.net/docs/Resources/Power_trains_for_Europe.pdf A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis]</ref> [[w:Underground hydrogen storage|seasonal energy storage]] and long distance transport of [[w:energy|energy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|IEA H2|2019|p=13}}</ref>|Wikipedia|definition of [[w:hydrogen economy|hydrogen economy]]}} | {{Q|The '''[[w:Hydrogen economy|Hydrogen economy]]''' is the use of [[w:hydrogen fuel|hydrogen]] as a low carbon [[w:fuel|fuel]], particularly for [[w:Central heating#Environmental aspects|heating]], [[w:Hydrogen Vehicles|hydrogen vehicles]],<ref>[http://www.iphe.net/docs/Resources/Power_trains_for_Europe.pdf A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis]</ref> [[w:Underground hydrogen storage|seasonal energy storage]] and long distance transport of [[w:energy|energy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|IEA H2|2019|p=13}}</ref>|Wikipedia|definition of [[w:hydrogen economy|hydrogen economy]]}} | ||
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== Ecological electric == | == Ecological electric == | ||
=== Sodium batteries === | |||
==== Broadbit sodium batteries ==== | |||
* http://www.broadbit.com/ is a technology company developing revolutionary new batteries using novel sodium-based chemistries to power the future green economy. | * http://www.broadbit.com/ is a technology company developing revolutionary new batteries using novel sodium-based chemistries to power the future green economy. | ||
==== IBM sodium batteries ==== | |||
* [https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/12/heavy-metal-free-battery/ 'Free of Heavy Metals, New Battery Design Could Alleviate Environmental Concerns' at IBM Research Blog], a Dec 2018 post | |||
=== Plant-based batteries and supercapacitors === | |||
{{Q|A '''[[w:supercapacitor|supercapacitor]]''' is a high-capacity [[w:capacitor|capacitor]] with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors, but with lower voltage limits, that bridges the gap between [[w:electrolytic capacitor|electrolytic capacitor]]s and [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]]. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more [[w:specific energy|energy per unit volume or mass]] than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more [[w:charge and discharge cycle|charge and discharge cycle]]s than [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]].|Wikipedia|definition of a supercapacitator}} | |||
{{Q|Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles, rather than long term compact energy storage — in automobiles, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they are used for [[w:Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]], short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power delivery.|Wikipedia|uses of supercapacitors}} | |||
Spent '''[[w:hemp|hemp]]''' has been studied for use in electrical engineering. | |||
* [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn400731g 'Interconnected Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Hemp for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy'], a 2014 scientific article published in [[w:ACS Nano]], a monthly, [[w:peer review|peer-reviewed]], [[w:scientific journal]], published by the [[w:American Chemical Society]]. | |||
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28770876 BBC.com article on 'Hemp fibres "better than graphene"'] (2014) | |||
''' [[w:Pine|Pine]] bark and [[w:Brewer's spent grain|spent grain]] ''' studied for biocoal for batteries and supercapacitors | |||
* [[w:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland|VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland]] blog post [https://www.vttresearch.com/Impulse/Pages/Greener-electronics-from-spent-grain-and-pine-bark.aspx "Greener electronics from spent grain and pine bark"] states that VTT and [[w:Aalto University|Aalto University]] have joined the [[w:Academy of Finland|Academy of Finland]]'s FinnCERES flagship programme to study the possibilities of using [[w:biocoal|biocoal]] made from [[w:Brewer's spent grain|brewery waste]] and [[w:pulp mill|pulp mill]] [[w:waste|waste]] to make [[w:electrical battery|batteries]], [[w:supercapacitor]]s and [[w:solar panel|solar panel]]s. | |||
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=== Hempcrete === | === Hempcrete === | ||
'''[[w:Hempcrete]]''' is a [[w:bio-composite]] material for construction. | '''[[w:Hempcrete]]''' is a [[w:bio-composite]] material for construction. | ||
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