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(→Plant-based batteries and supercapacitors: + w:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland blog post"Greener electronics from spent grain and pine bark" states that VTT and w:Aalto University have joined the w:Academy of Finland's FinnCERES flagship programme to study the possibilities of using w:biocoal [...] to make batteries, w:supercapacitors and w:solar panels) |
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[[File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Planet Earth. Lets try to promote good tech and warn about and counteract bad tech.]] | [[File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Planet Earth. Lets try to promote good tech and warn about and counteract bad tech.]] | ||
{{Q|'''Technology''' ("science of craft", from [[w:Ancient Greek|Greek]] τέχνη, ''techne'', "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, ''[[w:wikt:-logia|-logia | {{Q|'''Technology''' ("science of craft", from [[w:Ancient Greek|Greek]] τέχνη, ''techne'', "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, ''[[w:wikt:-logia|-logia]]'') is the collection of [[w:Art techniques and materials|techniques]], [[w:skill|skill]]s, [[w:Scientific method|methods]], and [[w:Business process|processes]] used in the production of [[w:Good (economics)|goods]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as [[w:scientific investigation|scientific investigation]].|Wikipedia|technology}} | ||
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{{Q|'''Artificial intelligence''' ('''AI'''), sometimes called '''machine intelligence''', is [[w:intelligence|intelligence]] demonstrated by [[w:machine|machine]]s, in contrast to the '''natural intelligence''' displayed by humans and animals. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is used to describe machines that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other [[w:human mind|human mind]]s, such as "learning" and "problem solving".|Wikipedia|[[w:artificial intelligence|AI]]}} | {{Q|'''Artificial intelligence''' ('''AI'''), sometimes called '''machine intelligence''', is [[w:intelligence|intelligence]] demonstrated by [[w:machine|machine]]s, in contrast to the '''natural intelligence''' displayed by humans and animals. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is used to describe machines that mimic "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other [[w:human mind|human mind]]s, such as "learning" and "problem solving".|Wikipedia|[[w:artificial intelligence|AI]]}} | ||
* [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/index.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence'] at the [[w:Library of Congress]] (loc.gov) | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/compsum.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Comparative Summary' at loc.gov] | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/international.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: International and Regional Approaches' (loc.gov)] | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/americas.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: The Americas and the Caribbean' (loc.gov)] | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: East/South Asia and the Pacific' (loc.gov)] | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/europe-asia.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Europe and Central Asia' loc.gov] | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/middleeast-northafrica.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Middle East and North Africa' (loc.gov)] | |||
** [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/africa.php 'Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Sub-Saharan Africa' (loc.gov)] | |||
[[w:Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher|Gibson Dunn & Crutcher]] (gibsondunn.com) is a global [[w:law firm|law firm]], founded in Los Angeles in 1890. They publish a quarterly legal update on "Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems" | |||
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-4q18/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 4 2018' at Gibson & Dunn] | |||
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-1q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 1 2019'] | |||
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-2q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 2 2019'] | |||
* [https://www.gibsondunn.com/artificial-intelligence-and-autonomous-systems-legal-update-3q19/ 'Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Legal Update Quarter 3 2019'] | |||
AI is can be divided to multiple subfields: | AI is can be divided to multiple subfields: | ||
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= Ecological tech = | = Ecological tech = | ||
There are various interesting ecological technologies being piloted. | There are various interesting ecological technologies being piloted. | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Hydrogen purified steel == | == Hydrogen == | ||
[[File:Hydrogen atom.svg|thumb|right|240px|The size of a [[w:hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom, the lightest atom, consisting of a proton and an electron. According to Wikipedia hydrogen atom is roughly 1,1 Å. An [[w:Ångstrom|Ångstrom]] is 10−<sup>10</sup> m or a ten-billionth of a metre]] | |||
[[File:Dihydrogen-2D-dimensions.png|thumb|right|240px|The distance of the hydrogen atoms in a H<sub>2</sub> molecule. Pico is 1×10<sup>−12</sup> m, or one trillionth (1/1000000000000) of a metre]] | |||
Hydrogen can be produced by from [[w:water|water]] by [[w:electrolysis|electrolysis]] even on an industrial scale, with [[#Hydrogen panels]] or from [[w:hydrocarbon|hydrocarbon]]s by [[w:steam reforming|steam reforming]]. | |||
Hydrogen fuel produced from (locally) harvested energy either by hydrogen panels or electrolysis plants can be considered and is being widely marketed as carbon-free, whereas steam reforming from other fuels causes carbon emissions. | |||
{{Q|The '''[[w:Hydrogen economy|Hydrogen economy]]''' is the use of [[w:hydrogen fuel|hydrogen]] as a low carbon [[w:fuel|fuel]], particularly for [[w:Central heating#Environmental aspects|heating]], [[w:Hydrogen Vehicles|hydrogen vehicles]],<ref>[http://www.iphe.net/docs/Resources/Power_trains_for_Europe.pdf A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis]</ref> [[w:Underground hydrogen storage|seasonal energy storage]] and long distance transport of [[w:energy|energy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|IEA H2|2019|p=13}}</ref>|Wikipedia|definition of [[w:hydrogen economy|hydrogen economy]]}} | |||
=== Hydrogen panels === | |||
Researchers from [[w:KU Leuven|KU Leuven]], Belgium have created hydrogen panels, that convert water vapor to hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight. | |||
* [https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2019/ku-leuven-researchers-hydrogen-gas-panel KU Leuven News: 'Looking past the hype: KU Leuven researchers shed more light on their hydrogen panel'] (March 2019) | |||
=== Hydrogen aviation === | |||
[https://www.zeroavia.com/ ZeroAvia.com] has been developing [[w:fuel cell|fuel cell]]-based [[w:powertrain|powertrain]]s for aviation. | |||
''' Links ''' | |||
* [https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1006 'ZeroAvia’s Hydrogen-Fueled Powertrain for Zero-Emission Aircraft' at AZoCleanTech.com] | |||
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=== Hydrogen purified steel === | |||
'''HYBRIT''' is an abbreviation of '''HY'''drogen '''BR'''eakthrough '''I'''ronmaking '''T'''echnology, where iron for steel making is not purified by a process called coking, but instead using massive amounts of hydrogen to purify it. | '''HYBRIT''' is an abbreviation of '''HY'''drogen '''BR'''eakthrough '''I'''ronmaking '''T'''echnology, where iron for steel making is not purified by a process called coking, but instead using massive amounts of hydrogen to purify it. | ||
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== Ecological electric == | |||
=== Sodium batteries === | |||
==== Broadbit sodium batteries ==== | |||
* http://www.broadbit.com/ is a technology company developing revolutionary new batteries using novel sodium-based chemistries to power the future green economy. | |||
==== IBM sodium batteries ==== | |||
* [https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/12/heavy-metal-free-battery/ 'Free of Heavy Metals, New Battery Design Could Alleviate Environmental Concerns' at IBM Research Blog], a Dec 2018 post | |||
=== Plant-based batteries and supercapacitors === | |||
{{Q|A '''[[w:supercapacitor|supercapacitor]]''' is a high-capacity [[w:capacitor|capacitor]] with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors, but with lower voltage limits, that bridges the gap between [[w:electrolytic capacitor|electrolytic capacitor]]s and [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]]. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more [[w:specific energy|energy per unit volume or mass]] than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more [[w:charge and discharge cycle|charge and discharge cycle]]s than [[w:Rechargeable battery|rechargeable batteries]].|Wikipedia|definition of a supercapacitator}} | |||
{{Q|Supercapacitors are used in applications requiring many rapid charge/discharge cycles, rather than long term compact energy storage — in automobiles, buses, trains, cranes and elevators, where they are used for [[w:Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]], short-term energy storage, or burst-mode power delivery.|Wikipedia|uses of supercapacitors}} | |||
Spent '''[[w:hemp|hemp]]''' has been studied for use in electrical engineering. | |||
* [https:// | * [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn400731g 'Interconnected Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Hemp for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy'], a 2014 scientific article published in [[w:ACS Nano]], a monthly, [[w:peer review|peer-reviewed]], [[w:scientific journal]], published by the [[w:American Chemical Society]]. | ||
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28770876 BBC.com article on 'Hemp fibres "better than graphene"'] (2014) | |||
''' [[w:Pine|Pine]] bark and [[w:Brewer's spent grain|spent grain]] ''' studied for biocoal for batteries and supercapacitors | |||
* [[w:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland|VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland]] blog post [https://www.vttresearch.com/Impulse/Pages/Greener-electronics-from-spent-grain-and-pine-bark.aspx "Greener electronics from spent grain and pine bark"] states that VTT and [[w:Aalto University|Aalto University]] have joined the [[w:Academy of Finland|Academy of Finland]]'s FinnCERES flagship programme to study the possibilities of using [[w:biocoal|biocoal]] made from [[w:Brewer's spent grain|brewery waste]] and [[w:pulp mill|pulp mill]] [[w:waste|waste]] to make [[w:electrical battery|batteries]], [[w:supercapacitor]]s and [[w:solar panel|solar panel]]s. | |||
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== CO2 capture == | == CO2 capture == | ||
CO2 capture can refer to capturing CO2 from an industrial process or just grabbing it from air. | CO2 capture can refer to capturing CO2 from an industrial process or just grabbing it from air. | ||
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== Power-to-gas == | == Power-to-gas == | ||
Power-to-gas technologies are advancing. Power-to-gas involves energy losses in the conversion, but the power of gaseous energy that it is much cheaper to store than electricity, plus the distribution networks largely exist already. | Power-to-gas technologies are advancing. Power-to-gas involves energy losses in the conversion, but the power of gaseous energy that it is much cheaper to store than electricity, plus the distribution networks largely exist already. | ||
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== Recycling tech == | |||
=== Plastics-to-fuel === | |||
Researchers from [[w:Purdue University|Purdue University]] have developed [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03841 a technology entitled 'Use of Supercritical Water for the Liquefaction of Polypropylene into Oil'] that works on [[w:polyolefin|polyolefin]] waste, the sort of plastic used for [[w:grocery bag|grocery bag]]s, [[w:toy|toy]]s, and [[w:shrink wrap|shrink wrap]]. This sort of plastic accounts for about 23% of [[w:plastic waste|plastic waste]], according to researchers who describe the process in a paper published in Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, a publication of the [[w:American Chemical Society|American Chemical Society]]. The new technique uses a process called [[w:hydrothermal liquefaction|hydrothermal liquefaction]], in which very high temperatures melt pellets of polyolefin and then dissolve them in [[w:water|water]]. The by-products of this process are [[w:oil|oil]], [[w:gas|gas]], or [[w:solvent|solvent]]s.<ref>https://www.technologyreview.com/f/612935/a-new-chemical-process-could-turn-a-quarter-of-our-plastic-waste-into-clean-fuel/</ref> | |||
''' Links about plastics-to-fuel ''' | |||
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqRbc_0SaVs 'Chemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuel'], a Youtube by Purdue Engineering (2019-02) | |||
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== Food tech == | |||
=== Food from air and electricity === | |||
In Finland Solar Foods Ltd. has demonstrated making protein called Solein with renewable electricity and CO2 as raw material and are building their first real plant soon. | |||
Water demand of this new method is fraction of plant-based nutrition, let alone meats and it is slightly CO2 negative if the electricity is not from CO2 emitting power plants. | |||
* [https://solarfoods.fi/ Solar Foods Ltd. official website] | |||
* [https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finnish_breakthrough_making_protein_out_of_thin_air_and_electricity/9736360 YLE (Finnish public broadcasting corporation) reporting on Solein: Finnish breakthrough: Making protein out of thin air and electricity] (2017) | |||
* [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/29/plan-to-sell-50m-meals-electricity-water-air-solar-foods The Guardian reporting on 'Plan to sell 50m meals made from electricity, water and air'] (2019) | |||
=== Cattle emissions === | |||
According to Australian research, if 2% dry matter of the [[w:Asparagopsis taxiformis|Asparagopsis taxiformis]] seaweed is added to cattle fodder, the bovines' methane production falls to a tiny fraction (fall of 98.9%) in 72 hrs compared to cattle fed with traditional feed. | |||
''' Scientific articles ''' | |||
* [http://www.publish.csiro.au/an/AN15576 'The red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural antimethanogenic that reduces methane production during in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid'] was published in [[w:Animal Production Science|Animal Production Science]], a journal by [[w:CSIRO Publishing|CSIRO Publishing]] in February 2016 | |||
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305768532_Asparagopsis_taxiformis_decreases_enteric_methane_production_from_sheep 'Asparagopsis taxiformis decreases enteric methane production from sheep'] published in [[w:Animal Production Science|Animal Production Science]] in August 2016 | |||
''' Links ''' | |||
* [https://www.sustainability-times.com/environmental-protection/to-stop-cows-producing-methane-we-can-feed-them-seaweed/ | |||
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== Hemp tech == | == Hemp tech == | ||
Development of sound hemp products has suffered from the prohibition of the plant since 1937 | Development of sound hemp products has suffered from the prohibition of the plant since 1937 | ||
[[w:List of hemp products|Wikipedia's list of hemp products]] is not complete by a far shot. | [[w:List of hemp products|Wikipedia's list of hemp products]] is not complete by a far shot. | ||
''' Links ''' | |||
* [https://www.forbes.com/sites/janetwburns/2018/09/30/we-should-be-pouring-time-and-money-into-hemp-period/#2ab8f6836487 'We Should Be Pouring Time And Money Into Hemp, Period.'], a September 2018 Forbes article | |||
* [https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/sep/25/hemp-wood-fibre-construction-climate-change 'Growing our way out of climate change by building with hemp and wood fibre'], a 2014 article by The Guardian | |||
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=== Hempcrete === | === Hempcrete === | ||
'''[[w:Hempcrete]]''' is a [[w:bio-composite]] material for construction. | '''[[w:Hempcrete]]''' is a [[w:bio-composite]] material for construction. | ||
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