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An alternative, more recent layout is in article '''[[User:Jukeboksi/BBA studies/Law backported to Wikipedia]]''' | |||
{{Q|'''Law''' is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior|Wikipedia|[[w:law|law]]}} | {{Q|'''Law''' is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior|Wikipedia|[[w:law|law]]}} | ||
{{Q|In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law.|Teacher|application of laws}} | {{Q|In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law.|Teacher|application of laws}} | ||
'''How to read law?''' | |||
*Luku n == chapter n | *Luku n == chapter n | ||
**Pykälä ( § ) n == section n | **Pykälä ( § ) n == section n | ||
***Momentti( 1,2,3.. ) == moment ( 1,2,3.. ) | ***Momentti( 1,2,3.. ) == moment ( 1,2,3.. ) | ||
'''Where to find the law''' | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ Legislation of Republic of Finland and more online]''' in Finnish / suomeksi | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ Translations of finnish laws and regulations at finlex.fi]''' | |||
* '''[http://lib.eduskunta.fi Library of The Parliament of Finland]''' is situated in the "Postitalo" right at the core of Helsinki ([http://lib.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/kirjasto/sijainti.htx map]). In addition to having all laws and all regulations legislated by the parliament, they offer wide variety of weekly and monthly magazines from all over the world. | |||
---- | |||
= Business Law = | = Business Law = | ||
Teacher: Janne Jokinen | |||
Type of course: [[:Category:Mandatory courses in GloBBA|Mandatory course in GloBBA]] in [[:Category:Law|Law]] | |||
Course code: Unknown | |||
Part of [[:Category:Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies|Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies]] (BUS1LF001) | |||
Course material: Access to Finnish Law by Aapo Surakka, ISBN 978-951-0-33696-0. Published by SanomaPro. '''Note:''' Also available as an e-book. | |||
---- | |||
'''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''' is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. | '''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''' is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. | ||
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'''[[w:fi:Yritysjuridiikka|Yritysjuridiikka]]''' ( Commercial law practice ) on kauppatieteellinen tieteenala, jonka tarkoituksena on tutkia [[w:fi:liiketoiminta|fi:liiketoiminta]]a ja sen päätöksentekoa oikeudellisesta näkökulmasta.( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | '''[[w:fi:Yritysjuridiikka|Yritysjuridiikka]]''' ( Commercial law practice ) on kauppatieteellinen tieteenala, jonka tarkoituksena on tutkia [[w:fi:liiketoiminta|fi:liiketoiminta]]a ja sen päätöksentekoa oikeudellisesta näkökulmasta.( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | ||
'''[[w:Outline of commercial law| | '''[[w:Outline of commercial law|Outline of commercial law article]]''' contains among other things | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Branches of commercial law|Branches of commercial law]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Branches of commercial law|Branches of commercial law]]''' | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#By region|commercial laws by region]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#By region|commercial laws by region]]''' | ||
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* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' | ||
* not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]''' | * not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Law - Lesson 1 - Introduction == | == Business Law - Lesson 1 - Introduction == | ||
* Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU | * Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU | ||
* In [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus ) | * In Finland ( Civil law ) you can be made to pay the legal fees of the winning party. In USA ( common law ) you don't have to. | ||
* In [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus ) whereas in Finland you have to pay only '''[[w:compensation]]''' ( [[w:fi:korvaus]] ) i.e. '''[[w:Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vahingonkorvaukset]] ) | |||
* '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] ) | * '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] ) | * '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] ) | ||
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'''[[w:Corporate law]]''' (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how [[w:shareholders]], [[w:Board of directors|directors]], [[w:employees]], [[w:creditors]], and other stakeholders such as [[w:consumer]]s, the [[w:community]] and the [[w:environment (biophysical)|environment]] interact with one another. | '''[[w:Corporate law]]''' (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how [[w:shareholders]], [[w:Board of directors|directors]], [[w:employees]], [[w:creditors]], and other stakeholders such as [[w:consumer]]s, the [[w:community]] and the [[w:environment (biophysical)|environment]] interact with one another. | ||
:::Corporate law is a part of a broader '''[[w:companies law]]''' (or law of business associations). | :::Corporate law is a part of a broader '''[[w:companies law]]''' (or law of business associations). ( Wikipedia ) | ||
Relevant corporate laws in Finland are | Relevant corporate laws in Finland are | ||
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* '''Compensation law''' | * '''Compensation law''' | ||
:* In law, '''[[w:Damages|Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] )are an award, typically of money, to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury;. ( Wikipedia ) | :* In law, '''[[w:Damages|Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) are an award, typically of money, to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury;. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* '''[[w:Product liability]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tuotevastuu]] is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Product liability]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tuotevastuu]] ) is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
*'''Consumer complaint''' ( [[w:fi:Reklamaatio]] ) | *'''Consumer complaint''' ( [[w:fi:Reklamaatio]] ) | ||
*'''[[w:Contract|Contract]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimus]] ) ( See course '''[[Business Negotiations and Contracts]]''' | *'''[[w:Contract|Contract]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimus]] ) ( See course '''[[#Business Negotiations and Contracts|Business Negotiations and Contracts]]''' for keys ) | ||
::* Both verbal and written are [[w:legally binding]] | ::* Both verbal and written are [[w:legally binding]] | ||
::* '''[[w:breach of contract|breach of contract]]''' ( sopimusrikko, sopimusrikkomus ) can land you and your business in [[w:court|court]]. | ::* '''[[w:breach of contract|breach of contract]]''' ( sopimusrikko, sopimusrikkomus ) can land you and your business in [[w:court|court]]. | ||
*'''[[w:Liability|Liability]]''' ( sitoumus, vastuu )( '''Obs.''' | *'''[[w:Liability|Liability]]''' ( sitoumus, vastuu ) ( '''Obs.''' [[w:Liability (financial accounting)]] and '''[[w:Legal liability]]''' are two distinct things. ) | ||
*'''[[w:limited liability|Limitation of liabilities]]''' or full liability | *'''[[w:limited liability|Limitation of liabilities]]''' or full liability | ||
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Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law | Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law | ||
*'''[[w:Consumer protection]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kuluttajansuojalaki]] ) it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia ) | *'''[[w:Consumer protection]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kuluttajansuojalaki]] ) it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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[[w:Private international law|Private international law]] concerns relations across different legal jurisdictions between persons, and sometimes also companies, corporations and other legal entities ( Wikipedia on private international law according to [[w:Conflict of laws|Conflict of laws]] ) | |||
[[w:Public international law|Public international law]] ( [[w:fi:Kansainvälinen oikeus]] ) concerns the structure and conduct of [[w:sovereign state|sovereign state]]s; analogous entities, such as the [[w:Legal status of the Holy See|Holy See]]; and [[w:intergovernmental organizations|intergovernmental organizations]]. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect [[w:multinational corporations|multinational corporations]] and [[w:individual|individual]]s, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
: | ::[[w:International law]] is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. International law differs from state-based [[w:legal systems|legal systems]] in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* '''Sources of international law''' | * '''Sources of international law''' | ||
* '''Different [[w:legal system|legal system]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Oikeusjärjestys]] ) ( '''[[w:List of national legal systems|List of national legal systems]]''' ) | * '''Different [[w:legal system|legal system]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Oikeusjärjestys]] ) ( '''[[w:List of national legal systems|List of national legal systems]]''' ) | ||
* '''Basic [[w:legal principles]]''' and [[w: | * '''Basic [[w:legal principles]]''' and [[w:legislation|legislative]] [[w:framework|framework]] of the [[w:European Union|European Union]] | ||
* '''[[w:Conflicts of laws|Conflicts of laws]]''' and '''[[w:jurisdiction|jurisdiction]]''' ( tuomiovalta tai toimivalta ) | * '''[[w:Conflicts of laws|Conflicts of laws]]''' and '''[[w:jurisdiction|jurisdiction]]''' ( tuomiovalta tai toimivalta ) | ||
* '''[[w:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' ( kiistanratkaisu ) | * '''[[w:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' ( kiistanratkaisu ) | ||
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* '''International [[w:competition law|competition law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kilpailuoikeus]] ) principles | * '''International [[w:competition law|competition law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kilpailuoikeus]] ) principles | ||
== International Law - Lesson 1 - | == International Law - Lesson 1 - Introduction == | ||
* Prefer '''[[w:Arbitration|Arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:välimiesmenettely]] ) over going to [[w:court|court]] | * Prefer '''[[w:Arbitration|Arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:välimiesmenettely]] ) over going to [[w:court|court]]. | ||
* Schools of thought defining the basis of international law: cosmopolitans, [[w:Legal positivism|legal positivists]] ( [[w:fi:oikeuspositivismi]] ) and hobbesians. | * Schools of thought defining the basis of international law: cosmopolitans, [[w:Legal positivism|legal positivists]] ( [[w:fi:oikeuspositivismi]] ) and hobbesians. | ||
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* A '''[[w:supranational]] union''' is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. ( Wikipedia ) | * A '''[[w:supranational]] union''' is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== International Law - Lesson 2 == | == International Law - Lesson 2 - Non-business entities == | ||
* '''[[w:NGO|NGO]]s''' ( [[w:fi:kansalaisjärjestö]] ) | * '''[[w:NGO|NGO]]s''' ( [[w:fi:kansalaisjärjestö]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Intergovernmental organization|IGO]]s''' | * '''[[w:Intergovernmental organization|IGO]]s''' | ||
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* [[w:European Court of Justice|European Court of Justice]] | * [[w:European Court of Justice|European Court of Justice]] | ||
*'''[[w:Civil law (legal system)]]''' ( [[w:fi:säädösoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w: | *'''[[w:Civil law (legal system)]]''' ( [[w:fi:säädösoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:fi:tapaoikeus]] tai "maan laki" ) are competing legal systems | ||
'''Obs.''' In Finland ( Civil law ) you can be made to pay the legal fees of the winning party. In USA ( common law ) you don't have to. | ::'''Obs.''' In Finland ( Civil law ) you can be made to pay the legal fees of the winning party. In USA ( common law ) you don't have to. | ||
* '''Dispute [[w:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]''' | * '''Dispute [[w:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]''' is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== International Law - Lesson 3 - Intellectual property == | == International Law - Lesson 3 - Intellectual property == | ||
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= Business Negotiations and Contracts = | = Business Negotiations and Contracts = | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 1 | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 1 - About forming contracts == | ||
In '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:fi:tapaoikeus]] ) legal systems, a '''[[w:contract|contract]]''' is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more [[w:party (law)|parties]], each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. | In '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:fi:tapaoikeus]] ) legal systems, a '''[[w:contract|contract]]''' is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more [[w:party (law)|parties]], each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. | ||
::The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having [[w:legal capacity|legal capacity]] who exchange '''[[w:consideration|consideration]]''' to create "mutuality of obligation." ( Wikipedia ) | ::The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having [[w:legal capacity|legal capacity]] who exchange '''[[w:consideration|consideration]]''' to create "mutuality of obligation." ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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* '''[[w:Express contract|Express contract]]''' vs. '''[[w:Implied-in-fact contract|Implied-in-fact contract]] or implicit contract''' | * '''[[w:Express contract|Express contract]]''' vs. '''[[w:Implied-in-fact contract|Implied-in-fact contract]] or implicit contract''' | ||
A '''[[w:third party beneficiary|third party beneficiary]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kolmas osapuoli]] ), in the [[w:law|law]] of [[w:contract|contract]]s, is a person who may have the right to sue on a contract, despite not having originally been an active [[w:party (law)|party]] to the contract. ( Wikipedia ) | * A '''[[w:third party beneficiary|third party beneficiary]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kolmas osapuoli]] ), in the [[w:law|law]] of [[w:contract|contract]]s, is a person who may have the right to sue on a contract, despite not having originally been an active [[w:party (law)|party]] to the contract. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* An '''[[w:unenforceable|unenforceable]]''' contract or transaction is one that is valid, but which the court will not enforce. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
---- | ---- | ||
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:# Specifically adressed | :# Specifically adressed | ||
[[w:Contract of sale|Sale of Goods]] | [[w:Contract of sale|Sale of Goods]] legislation and [[w:United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods|United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods]] affect sales of goods | ||
[[w:UNIDROIT|UNIDROIT]] is the [[w:International Institute for the Unification of Private Law|International Institute for the Unification of Private Law]] | [[w:UNIDROIT|UNIDROIT]] is the [[w:International Institute for the Unification of Private Law|International Institute for the Unification of Private Law]] | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 3 == | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 3 - Breach of contract == | ||
'''[[w:Breach of contract|Breach of contract]]''' ( [[w:fi:sopimusrikkomus]] tai sopimusrikko ) is a [[w:legal|legal]] [[w:cause of action|cause of action]] in which a [[w:binding agreement|binding agreement]] or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. ( Wikipedia ) | '''[[w:Breach of contract|Breach of contract]]''' ( [[w:fi:sopimusrikkomus]] tai sopimusrikko ) is a [[w:legal|legal]] [[w:cause of action|cause of action]] in which a [[w:binding agreement|binding agreement]] or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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# [[w:Delivery (commerce)|Delivery]] by [[w:common carrier|common carrier]] other then [[w:sales|seller]] ( loss of risk is transferred to buyer when delivery is completed as agreed in the contract ) ( Teacher ) | # [[w:Delivery (commerce)|Delivery]] by [[w:common carrier|common carrier]] other then [[w:sales|seller]] ( loss of risk is transferred to buyer when delivery is completed as agreed in the contract ) ( Teacher ) | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Confidentiality == | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 4.5 - Confidentiality == | ||
* '''[[w:Confidentiality|Confidentiality]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vaitiolovelvollisuus]] ) is a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Confidentiality|Confidentiality]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vaitiolovelvollisuus]] ) is a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 5 == | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 5 - Damages == | ||
* '''remedy''' == '''[[w:Financial compensation|compensation]]''' == '''[[w:damages|damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) | * '''remedy''' == '''[[w:Financial compensation|compensation]]''' == '''[[w:damages|damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 6 == | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 6 - Power of attorney == | ||
A '''[[w:power of attorney|power of attorney]]''' ('''POA''') or '''letter of attorney''' ( [[w:fi:valtakirja]], valtuutus ) is a written authorization to represent or act on another's behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter, sometimes against the wishes of the other's. ( Wikipedia ) | A '''[[w:power of attorney|power of attorney]]''' ('''POA''') or '''letter of attorney''' ( [[w:fi:valtakirja]], valtuutus ) is a written authorization to represent or act on another's behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter, sometimes against the wishes of the other's. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Terminology / vocabulary == | |||
* '''covenant''' == an agreement w/a specific promise to do or not to do something | |||
::: non-competition covenant | |||
* '''whereas''' == in contrast | |||
* injunction == obligation | |||
* '''breach''' == to break a boundary, to violate, to not fulfill | |||
* '''rescind''' cancel w/ effect of being the same position as before signing the contract | |||
* '''unwarranted''' == uncalled for, unjustified | |||
* '''contention''' == disagreement | |||
::: contentious ( adj. ) | |||
* '''efficacious''' == effective | |||
* an offer => offeror - offeree | |||
* a lease => lessor - lessee | |||
* '''statute''' == law/rule | |||
---- | ---- | ||
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= Navboxen = | = Navboxen = | ||
{{Law}} | {{Law}} | ||
---- | |||
<center>This article '''used to be''' at the address '''<nowiki>https://GloBBA12.si/wiki/Law</nowiki>''' from 2012 to 2016 and '''<nowiki>https://wiki.study/regarding/Law</nowiki>''' from 2016 to 2020</center> | |||
[[Category:realcontent]] | [[Category:realcontent]] | ||
[[Category:Mandatory courses in GloBBA]] | |||
[[Category:Law]] | |||
[[Category:Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies]] | |||