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An alternative, more recent layout is in article '''[[User:Jukeboksi/BBA studies/Law backported to Wikipedia]]''' | |||
{{Q|'''Law''' is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior|Wikipedia|[[w:law|law]]}} | {{Q|'''Law''' is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior|Wikipedia|[[w:law|law]]}} | ||
{{Q|In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law.|Teacher|application of laws}} | {{Q|In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law.|Teacher|application of laws}} | ||
'''How to read law?''' | |||
*Luku n == chapter n | *Luku n == chapter n | ||
**Pykälä ( § ) n == section n | **Pykälä ( § ) n == section n | ||
***Momentti( 1,2,3.. ) == moment ( 1,2,3.. ) | ***Momentti( 1,2,3.. ) == moment ( 1,2,3.. ) | ||
'''Where to find the law''' | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ Legislation of Republic of Finland and more online]''' in Finnish / suomeksi | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ Translations of finnish laws and regulations at finlex.fi]''' | |||
* '''[http://lib.eduskunta.fi Library of The Parliament of Finland]''' is situated in the "Postitalo" right at the core of Helsinki ([http://lib.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/kirjasto/sijainti.htx map]). In addition to having all laws and all regulations legislated by the parliament, they offer wide variety of weekly and monthly magazines from all over the world. | |||
---- | |||
= Business Law = | = Business Law = | ||
Teacher: Janne Jokinen | |||
Type of course: [[:Category:Mandatory courses in GloBBA|Mandatory course in GloBBA]] in [[:Category:Law|Law]] | |||
Course code: Unknown | |||
Part of [[:Category:Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies|Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies]] (BUS1LF001) | |||
Course material: Access to Finnish Law by Aapo Surakka, ISBN 978-951-0-33696-0. Published by SanomaPro. '''Note:''' Also available as an e-book. | |||
---- | |||
'''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''' is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. | '''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''' is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. | ||
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'''[[w:fi:Yritysjuridiikka|Yritysjuridiikka]]''' ( Commercial law practice ) on kauppatieteellinen tieteenala, jonka tarkoituksena on tutkia [[w:fi:liiketoiminta|fi:liiketoiminta]]a ja sen päätöksentekoa oikeudellisesta näkökulmasta.( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | '''[[w:fi:Yritysjuridiikka|Yritysjuridiikka]]''' ( Commercial law practice ) on kauppatieteellinen tieteenala, jonka tarkoituksena on tutkia [[w:fi:liiketoiminta|fi:liiketoiminta]]a ja sen päätöksentekoa oikeudellisesta näkökulmasta.( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | ||
'''[[w:Outline of commercial law| | '''[[w:Outline of commercial law|Outline of commercial law article]]''' contains among other things | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Branches of commercial law|Branches of commercial law]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Branches of commercial law|Branches of commercial law]]''' | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#By region|commercial laws by region]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#By region|commercial laws by region]]''' | ||
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* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' | ||
* not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]''' | * not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Law | |||
== Business Law - Lesson 1 - Introduction == | |||
* Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU | * Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU | ||
* In [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus ) | * In Finland ( Civil law ) you can be made to pay the legal fees of the winning party. In USA ( common law ) you don't have to. | ||
* In [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus ) whereas in Finland you have to pay only '''[[w:compensation]]''' ( [[w:fi:korvaus]] ) i.e. '''[[w:Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vahingonkorvaukset]] ) | |||
* '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] ) | * '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] ) | * '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] ) | ||
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'''[[w:Corporate law]]''' (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how [[w:shareholders]], [[w:Board of directors|directors]], [[w:employees]], [[w:creditors]], and other stakeholders such as [[w:consumer]]s, the [[w:community]] and the [[w:environment (biophysical)|environment]] interact with one another. | '''[[w:Corporate law]]''' (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how [[w:shareholders]], [[w:Board of directors|directors]], [[w:employees]], [[w:creditors]], and other stakeholders such as [[w:consumer]]s, the [[w:community]] and the [[w:environment (biophysical)|environment]] interact with one another. | ||
:::Corporate law is a part of a broader '''[[w:companies law]]''' (or law of business associations). | :::Corporate law is a part of a broader '''[[w:companies law]]''' (or law of business associations). ( Wikipedia ) | ||
Relevant corporate laws in Finland are | Relevant corporate laws in Finland are | ||
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* '''[[w:fi:Suomen arvopaperimarkkinalaki]]''' for PLC's. | * '''[[w:fi:Suomen arvopaperimarkkinalaki]]''' for PLC's. | ||
== Lesson 2 - Compensation law, product liability == | == Business Law - Lesson 2 - Compensation law, product liability == | ||
* '''Compensation law''' | * '''Compensation law''' | ||
:* In law, '''[[w:Damages|Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] )are an award, typically of money, to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury;. ( Wikipedia ) | :* In law, '''[[w:Damages|Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) are an award, typically of money, to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury;. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* '''[[w:Product liability]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tuotevastuu]] is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Product liability]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tuotevastuu]] ) is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
*'''Consumer complaint''' ( [[w:fi:Reklamaatio]] ) | *'''Consumer complaint''' ( [[w:fi:Reklamaatio]] ) | ||
*'''[[w:Contract|Contract]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimus]] ) ( See course '''[[Business Negotiations and Contracts]]''' | *'''[[w:Contract|Contract]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimus]] ) ( See course '''[[#Business Negotiations and Contracts|Business Negotiations and Contracts]]''' for keys ) | ||
::* Both verbal and written are [[w:legally binding]] | ::* Both verbal and written are [[w:legally binding]] | ||
::* '''[[w:breach of contract|breach of contract]]''' ( sopimusrikko, sopimusrikkomus ) can land you and your business in [[w:court|court]]. | ::* '''[[w:breach of contract|breach of contract]]''' ( sopimusrikko, sopimusrikkomus ) can land you and your business in [[w:court|court]]. | ||
*'''[[w:Liability|Liability]]''' ( sitoumus, vastuu )( '''Obs.''' | *'''[[w:Liability|Liability]]''' ( sitoumus, vastuu ) ( '''Obs.''' [[w:Liability (financial accounting)]] and '''[[w:Legal liability]]''' are two distinct things. ) | ||
*'''[[w:limited liability|Limitation of liabilities]]''' or full liability | *'''[[w:limited liability|Limitation of liabilities]]''' or full liability | ||
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#) A '''[[w:trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia ) | #) A '''[[w:trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== Lesson 3 - Contract law == | == Business Law - Lesson 3 - Contract law == | ||
Topics: '''Contract law''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimusoikeus]] ) deals with '''[[w:contract]]s''' | Topics: '''Contract law''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimusoikeus]] ) deals with '''[[w:contract]]s''' | ||
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* '''[[w:Collective bargaining]]''' ( kollektiivinen neuvottelu ) is a process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Collective bargaining]]''' ( kollektiivinen neuvottelu ) is a process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== Lesson 4 - Consumer law, companies law == | == Business Law - Lesson 4 - Consumer law, companies law == | ||
Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law | Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law | ||
*'''[[w:Consumer protection]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kuluttajansuojalaki]] ) it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia ) | *'''[[w:Consumer protection]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kuluttajansuojalaki]] ) it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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* '''[[w:Convertible bond]]''' or a '''convertible note''' ( [[w:fi:vaihtovelkakirja]] ) (a convertible debenture if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of [[w:bond (finance)|bond]] that the holder can convert into shares of [[w:common stock]] in the issuing [[w:types of companies|company]] or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price. ( Definition ) | * '''[[w:Convertible bond]]''' or a '''convertible note''' ( [[w:fi:vaihtovelkakirja]] ) (a convertible debenture if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of [[w:bond (finance)|bond]] that the holder can convert into shares of [[w:common stock]] in the issuing [[w:types of companies|company]] or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price. ( Definition ) | ||
== Lesson 5 - Wrap up == | == Business Law - Lesson 5 - Wrap up == | ||
Topics: [[w:Company law]] continues, wrap-up | Topics: [[w:Company law]] continues, wrap-up | ||
== Exam == | == Business Law - Exam == | ||
Final examination | Final examination | ||
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[[w:Private international law|Private international law]] concerns relations across different legal jurisdictions between persons, and sometimes also companies, corporations and other legal entities ( Wikipedia on private international law according to [[w:Conflict of laws|Conflict of laws]] ) | |||
[[w:Public international law|Public international law]] ( [[w:fi:Kansainvälinen oikeus]] ) concerns the structure and conduct of [[w:sovereign state|sovereign state]]s; analogous entities, such as the [[w:Legal status of the Holy See|Holy See]]; and [[w:intergovernmental organizations|intergovernmental organizations]]. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect [[w:multinational corporations|multinational corporations]] and [[w:individual|individual]]s, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
: | ::[[w:International law]] is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. International law differs from state-based [[w:legal systems|legal systems]] in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* '''Sources of international law''' | * '''Sources of international law''' | ||
* '''Different [[w:legal system|legal system]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Oikeusjärjestys]] ) ( '''[[w:List of national legal systems|List of national legal systems]]''' ) | * '''Different [[w:legal system|legal system]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Oikeusjärjestys]] ) ( '''[[w:List of national legal systems|List of national legal systems]]''' ) | ||
* '''Basic [[w:legal principles]]''' and [[w: | * '''Basic [[w:legal principles]]''' and [[w:legislation|legislative]] [[w:framework|framework]] of the [[w:European Union|European Union]] | ||
* '''[[w:Conflicts of laws|Conflicts of laws]]''' and '''[[w:jurisdiction|jurisdiction]]''' ( tuomiovalta tai toimivalta ) | * '''[[w:Conflicts of laws|Conflicts of laws]]''' and '''[[w:jurisdiction|jurisdiction]]''' ( tuomiovalta tai toimivalta ) | ||
* '''[[w:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' ( kiistanratkaisu ) | * '''[[w:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' ( kiistanratkaisu ) | ||
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* '''International [[w:competition law|competition law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kilpailuoikeus]] ) principles | * '''International [[w:competition law|competition law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kilpailuoikeus]] ) principles | ||
== | == International Law - Lesson 1 - Introduction == | ||
* Prefer '''[[w:Arbitration|Arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:välimiesmenettely]] ) over going to [[w:court|court]] | * Prefer '''[[w:Arbitration|Arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:välimiesmenettely]] ) over going to [[w:court|court]]. | ||
* Schools of thought defining the basis of international law: cosmopolitans, [[w:Legal positivism|legal positivists]] ( [[w:fi:oikeuspositivismi]] ) and hobbesians. | * Schools of thought defining the basis of international law: cosmopolitans, [[w:Legal positivism|legal positivists]] ( [[w:fi:oikeuspositivismi]] ) and hobbesians. | ||
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* A '''[[w:supranational]] union''' is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. ( Wikipedia ) | * A '''[[w:supranational]] union''' is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== | == International Law - Lesson 2 - Non-business entities == | ||
* '''[[w:NGO|NGO]]s''' ( [[w:fi:kansalaisjärjestö]] ) | * '''[[w:NGO|NGO]]s''' ( [[w:fi:kansalaisjärjestö]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Intergovernmental organization|IGO]]s''' | * '''[[w:Intergovernmental organization|IGO]]s''' | ||
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* [[w:European Court of Justice|European Court of Justice]] | * [[w:European Court of Justice|European Court of Justice]] | ||
*'''[[w:Civil law (legal system)]]''' ( [[w:fi:säädösoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w: | *'''[[w:Civil law (legal system)]]''' ( [[w:fi:säädösoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:fi:tapaoikeus]] tai "maan laki" ) are competing legal systems | ||
'''Obs.''' In Finland ( Civil law ) you can be made to pay the legal fees of the winning party. In USA ( common law ) you don't have to. | ::'''Obs.''' In Finland ( Civil law ) you can be made to pay the legal fees of the winning party. In USA ( common law ) you don't have to. | ||
* '''Dispute [[w:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]''' | * '''Dispute [[w:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]''' is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== | == International Law - Lesson 3 - Intellectual property == | ||
* '''[[w:Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' ('''IP''') ( [[w:fi:Immateriaalioikeus]] ) is a [[w:law|legal]] concept which refers to creations of the mind for which [[w:exclusive right|exclusive right]]s are recognized. | * '''[[w:Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' ('''IP''') ( [[w:fi:Immateriaalioikeus]] ) is a [[w:law|legal]] concept which refers to creations of the mind for which [[w:exclusive right|exclusive right]]s are recognized. | ||
:::Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of [[w:intangible asset|intangible asset]]s, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. | :::Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of [[w:intangible asset|intangible asset]]s, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. | ||
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* '''A [[w:trademark|trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable [[w:sign (semiotics)|sign]], [[w:design|design]] or [[w:expression (language)|expression]] which identifies [[w:Good (economics and accounting)|products]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''A [[w:trademark|trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable [[w:sign (semiotics)|sign]], [[w:design|design]] or [[w:expression (language)|expression]] which identifies [[w:Good (economics and accounting)|products]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== | == International Law - Lesson 4 - When business goes wrong == | ||
* '''[[w:Bankruptcy|Bankruptcy]]''' ( [[w:fi:konkurssi]] ) is a legal status of a person or [[w:legal person|other entity]] that cannot repay the debts it owes to [[w:creditor|creditor]]s. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a [[w:court order|court order]], often initiated by the debtor. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Bankruptcy|Bankruptcy]]''' ( [[w:fi:konkurssi]] ) is a legal status of a person or [[w:legal person|other entity]] that cannot repay the debts it owes to [[w:creditor|creditor]]s. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a [[w:court order|court order]], often initiated by the debtor. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
== | == International Law - Lesson 5 - Risks == | ||
*'''[[w:Risk|Risk]]''' ( [[w:fi:riski]] ) can come in the form of | *'''[[w:Risk|Risk]]''' ( [[w:fi:riski]] ) can come in the form of | ||
:** '''[[w:Risk#Economic risk|economic risk]]''' ( macro ), | :** '''[[w:Risk#Economic risk|economic risk]]''' ( macro ), | ||
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:** '''[[w:legal risk|legal risk]]''' when doing [[w:international business]]. ( Teacher ) | :** '''[[w:legal risk|legal risk]]''' when doing [[w:international business]]. ( Teacher ) | ||
== Additional reading regarding risks == | === Additional reading regarding risks === | ||
* '''[[w:Financial risk]]''' is an umbrella term for multiple types of [[w:risk]] associated with [[w:finance|financing]], including [[w:financial transaction]]s that include company loans in risk of [[w:default (finance)|default]]. Risk is a term often used to imply [[w:downside risk|downside risk]], meaning the uncertainty of a return and the potential for financial loss. | * '''[[w:Financial risk]]''' is an umbrella term for multiple types of [[w:risk]] associated with [[w:finance|financing]], including [[w:financial transaction]]s that include company loans in risk of [[w:default (finance)|default]]. Risk is a term often used to imply [[w:downside risk|downside risk]], meaning the uncertainty of a return and the potential for financial loss. | ||
:: In addition to financial risks, there are five broad categories of investment risks known as [[w:five risks|five risks]]. ( Wikipedia ) | :: In addition to financial risks, there are five broad categories of investment risks known as [[w:five risks|five risks]]. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
:::* The '''[[w:Five risks]]''' are the five types of [[w:financial risk]] faced by long-term investors as opposed to those faced by short-term [[w:Trader (finance)|traders]] ( Wikipedia ) | :::* The '''[[w:Five risks]]''' are the five types of [[w:financial risk]] faced by long-term investors as opposed to those faced by short-term [[w:Trader (finance)|traders]] ( Wikipedia ) | ||
---- | ---- | ||
= Business Negotiations and Contracts = | = Business Negotiations and Contracts = | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 1 - About forming contracts == | ||
In '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:fi:tapaoikeus]] ) legal systems, a '''[[w:contract|contract]]''' is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more [[w:party (law)|parties]], each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. | In '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:fi:tapaoikeus]] ) legal systems, a '''[[w:contract|contract]]''' is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more [[w:party (law)|parties]], each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. | ||
::The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having [[w:legal capacity|legal capacity]] who exchange '''[[w:consideration|consideration]]''' to create "mutuality of obligation." ( Wikipedia ) | ::The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having [[w:legal capacity|legal capacity]] who exchange '''[[w:consideration|consideration]]''' to create "mutuality of obligation." ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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* '''[[w:Express contract|Express contract]]''' vs. '''[[w:Implied-in-fact contract|Implied-in-fact contract]] or implicit contract''' | * '''[[w:Express contract|Express contract]]''' vs. '''[[w:Implied-in-fact contract|Implied-in-fact contract]] or implicit contract''' | ||
A '''[[w:third party beneficiary|third party beneficiary]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kolmas osapuoli]] ), in the [[w:law|law]] of [[w:contract|contract]]s, is a person who may have the right to sue on a contract, despite not having originally been an active [[w:party (law)|party]] to the contract. ( Wikipedia ) | * A '''[[w:third party beneficiary|third party beneficiary]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kolmas osapuoli]] ), in the [[w:law|law]] of [[w:contract|contract]]s, is a person who may have the right to sue on a contract, despite not having originally been an active [[w:party (law)|party]] to the contract. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* An '''[[w:unenforceable|unenforceable]]''' contract or transaction is one that is valid, but which the court will not enforce. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 2 - A proper offer == | ||
A proper offer is: | A proper offer is: | ||
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:# Specifically adressed | :# Specifically adressed | ||
[[w:Contract of sale|Sale of Goods]] | [[w:Contract of sale|Sale of Goods]] legislation and [[w:United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods|United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods]] affect sales of goods | ||
[[w:UNIDROIT|UNIDROIT]] is the [[w:International Institute for the Unification of Private Law|International Institute for the Unification of Private Law]] | [[w:UNIDROIT|UNIDROIT]] is the [[w:International Institute for the Unification of Private Law|International Institute for the Unification of Private Law]] | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 3 - Breach of contract == | ||
'''[[w:Breach of contract|Breach of contract]]''' ( [[w:fi:sopimusrikkomus]] tai sopimusrikko ) is a [[w:legal|legal]] [[w:cause of action|cause of action]] in which a [[w:binding agreement|binding agreement]] or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. ( Wikipedia ) | '''[[w:Breach of contract|Breach of contract]]''' ( [[w:fi:sopimusrikkomus]] tai sopimusrikko ) is a [[w:legal|legal]] [[w:cause of action|cause of action]] in which a [[w:binding agreement|binding agreement]] or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 4 - Delivery terms == | ||
* The '''[[w:Incoterms|Incoterms]]''' rules or International Commercial Terms ( [[w:fi:Incoterm]] ) are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the [[w:International Chamber of Commerce|International Chamber of Commerce]] (ICC) that are widely used in International [[w:commercial transaction|commercial transaction]]s or [[w:procurement|procurement]] processes. A series of three-letter trade terms related to common contractual sales practices, the Incoterms rules are intended primarily to clearly communicate the tasks, costs, and risks associated with the transportation and delivery of goods. ( Wikipedia ) | * The '''[[w:Incoterms|Incoterms]]''' rules or International Commercial Terms ( [[w:fi:Incoterm]] ) are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the [[w:International Chamber of Commerce|International Chamber of Commerce]] (ICC) that are widely used in International [[w:commercial transaction|commercial transaction]]s or [[w:procurement|procurement]] processes. A series of three-letter trade terms related to common contractual sales practices, the Incoterms rules are intended primarily to clearly communicate the tasks, costs, and risks associated with the transportation and delivery of goods. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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# [[w:Delivery (commerce)|Delivery]] by [[w:common carrier|common carrier]] other then [[w:sales|seller]] ( loss of risk is transferred to buyer when delivery is completed as agreed in the contract ) ( Teacher ) | # [[w:Delivery (commerce)|Delivery]] by [[w:common carrier|common carrier]] other then [[w:sales|seller]] ( loss of risk is transferred to buyer when delivery is completed as agreed in the contract ) ( Teacher ) | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 4.5 - Confidentiality == | |||
* '''[[w:Confidentiality|Confidentiality]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vaitiolovelvollisuus]] ) is a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Confidentiality|Confidentiality]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vaitiolovelvollisuus]] ) is a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 5 - Damages == | ||
* '''remedy''' == '''[[w:Financial compensation|compensation]]''' == '''[[w:damages|damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) | * '''remedy''' == '''[[w:Financial compensation|compensation]]''' == '''[[w:damages|damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) | ||
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== Business Negotiations and Contracts - | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 6 - Power of attorney == | ||
A '''[[w:power of attorney|power of attorney]]''' ('''POA''') or '''letter of attorney''' ( [[w:fi:valtakirja]], valtuutus ) is a written authorization to represent or act on another's behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter, sometimes against the wishes of the other's. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Terminology / vocabulary == | |||
* '''covenant''' == an agreement w/a specific promise to do or not to do something | |||
::: non-competition covenant | |||
* '''whereas''' == in contrast | |||
* injunction == obligation | |||
* '''breach''' == to break a boundary, to violate, to not fulfill | |||
* '''rescind''' cancel w/ effect of being the same position as before signing the contract | |||
* '''unwarranted''' == uncalled for, unjustified | |||
* '''contention''' == disagreement | |||
::: contentious ( adj. ) | |||
* '''efficacious''' == effective | |||
* an offer => offeror - offeree | |||
* a lease => lessor - lessee | |||
* '''statute''' == law/rule | |||
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= Types of business entity in a nutshell = | = Types of business entity in a nutshell = | ||
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= Navboxen = | = Navboxen = | ||
{{Law}} | {{Law}} | ||
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<center>This article '''used to be''' at the address '''<nowiki>https://GloBBA12.si/wiki/Law</nowiki>''' from 2012 to 2016 and '''<nowiki>https://wiki.study/regarding/Law</nowiki>''' from 2016 to 2020</center> | |||
[[Category:realcontent]] | [[Category:realcontent]] | ||
[[Category:Mandatory courses in GloBBA]] | |||
[[Category:Law]] | |||
[[Category:Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies]] | |||