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== Hydrogen == [[File:Hydrogen atom.svg|thumb|right|240px|The size of a [[w:hydrogen|hydrogen]] atom, the lightest atom, consisting of a proton and an electron. According to Wikipedia hydrogen atom is roughly 1,1 Å. An [[w:Ångstrom|Ångstrom]] is 10−<sup>10</sup> m or a ten-billionth of a metre]] [[File:Dihydrogen-2D-dimensions.png|thumb|right|240px|The distance of the hydrogen atoms in a H<sub>2</sub> molecule. Pico is 1×10<sup>−12</sup> m, or one trillionth (1/1000000000000) of a metre]] Hydrogen can be produced by from [[w:water|water]] by [[w:electrolysis|electrolysis]] even on an industrial scale, with [[#Hydrogen panels]] or from [[w:hydrocarbon|hydrocarbon]]s by [[w:steam reforming|steam reforming]]. Hydrogen fuel produced from (locally) harvested energy either by hydrogen panels or electrolysis plants can be considered and is being widely marketed as carbon-free, whereas steam reforming from other fuels causes carbon emissions. {{Q|The '''[[w:Hydrogen economy|Hydrogen economy]]''' is the use of [[w:hydrogen fuel|hydrogen]] as a low carbon [[w:fuel|fuel]], particularly for [[w:Central heating#Environmental aspects|heating]], [[w:Hydrogen Vehicles|hydrogen vehicles]],<ref>[http://www.iphe.net/docs/Resources/Power_trains_for_Europe.pdf A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis]</ref> [[w:Underground hydrogen storage|seasonal energy storage]] and long distance transport of [[w:energy|energy]].<ref>{{Harvnb|IEA H2|2019|p=13}}</ref>|Wikipedia|definition of [[w:hydrogen economy|hydrogen economy]]}} === Hydrogen panels === Researchers from [[w:KU Leuven|KU Leuven]], Belgium have created [[w:solar hydrogen panel]]s, that convert water vapor to hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight. * [https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research-stories/2019/solar-hydrogen-panels 'Green Energy Breakthrough Thanks to KU Leuven Scientists' at kuleuven.be]. Quote: "The panel is able to directly convert no less than 15 per cent of sunlight into hydrogen gas, Which is a world record." * [https://nieuws.kuleuven.be/en/content/2019/ku-leuven-researchers-hydrogen-gas-panel KU Leuven News: 'Looking past the hype: KU Leuven researchers shed more light on their hydrogen panel'] (March 2019) === Hydrogen aviation === * [https://www.zeroavia.com/ ZeroAvia.com] has been developing [[w:fuel cell|fuel cell]]-based [[w:powertrain|powertrain]]s for aviation. ''' Links ''' * [https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1006 'ZeroAvia’s Hydrogen-Fueled Powertrain for Zero-Emission Aircraft' at AZoCleanTech.com] * [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-21/airbus-unveils-hydrogen-powered-designs-for-zero-emission-flight 'Airbus Unveils Hydrogen Designs for Zero-Emission Flight' at Bloomberg.com] reports in September 2020, that [[w:Airbus]] is working on three hydrogen plane designs. ---- === Hydrogen purified steel === '''HYBRIT''' is an abbreviation of '''HY'''drogen '''BR'''eakthrough '''I'''ronmaking '''T'''echnology, where iron for steel making is not purified by a process called coking, but instead using massive amounts of hydrogen to purify it. [[w:SSAB]] and partners are building a small-scale pilot production line in Luleå, Sweden, slated to be launched in 2020. * [http://www.hybritdevelopment.com/ Official HYBRIT development website] for more info. ----
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