Editing Human rights and business



== Timeline ==
* In '''1839''' the '''[[w:Anti-Slavery International]]''' organization was founded
* In '''1900''' the '''International Association for Labour Legislation''' (IALL), an [[w:Epistemic community (international relations)|epistemic community]] was fouded
* In '''1919''' the '''[[w:International Labour Organization]]''' ('''ILO''') was founded by the [[w:League of Nations]], which was superseded by the [[UN]]
* In '''1976''' the '''[[#International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights|International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]]''' came into effect
* In '''1976''' the '''[[w:OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises]]''' were adopted by the [[w:OECD]]. The guidelines have been revised in 1979, 1982, 1984, 1991, 2000 and 2011.
* In '''1998''' the '''[[w:Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work]]''' was declared by ILO.
* In '''1992''' the '''[[w:International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour]]''' was created by the ILO.
* In '''1999''' the '''[[w:United Nations Global Compact]]''', a non-binding United Nations pact to encourage businesses worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies, and to report on their implementation was announced.
* In '''2011''' the '''[[#United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights|United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights]]''' ('''UNGPs''') were adopted
* In '''2015''' the '''[[w:Modern Slavery Act 2015]]''' was enacted in the UK. [[w:Modern Slavery_Act 2015#Supply chain|An amendment called 'Transparency in Supply Chain Provisions']] was added that requires UK companies whose turnover exceeds £36 to publicly submit a HRDD report or alternatively state that they haven't done HRDD.
* In '''2016''' the '''[https://tiscreport.org/ TISCReport.org]''' was launched. It is the World's largest Open Data Register committed to ending Modern Slavery and supply chain labour abuses, by joining up Transparency In Supply Chains (TISC) reporting globally. 
* In '''2016''' the German '''[https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/610714/fb740510e8c2fa83dc507afad0b2d7ad/nap-wirtschaft-menschenrechte-engl-data.pdf National Action Plan for the implementation of the UNGPs]''' for 2016-2020 is published. The Green Party supports a motion calling for HRDD obligations and in 2017 the SPD includes HRDD in their electoral program.<ref name="BHRInLawGermany">http://www.bhrinlaw.org/key-developments/59-germany</ref>
* In '''2017''' the lower house of the Dutch parliament adopted the '''Child Labour Due Diligence Bill''', but it is yet to pass in the Senate. When it passes it will become legally binding on January 1 2020.<ref name="bhrinlaw-org2017">http://www.bhrinlaw.org/key-developments/66-netherlands</ref><ref name="csrandthelaw-com2017">https://www.csrandthelaw.com/2017/08/24/proposed-dutch-legislation-on-child-labor-due-diligence-what-you-need-to-know/</ref><ref name="mvoplatform">https://www.mvoplatform.nl/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-the-new-dutch-child-labour-due-diligence-law/</ref>

== Human rights due diligence ==
'''Human rights due diligence''' or '''HRDD''' means giving [[w:due diligence]] to the [[w:human rights]] aspects of your planned operation. 

{{Q|Due diligence is an investigation of a business or person prior to signing a contract, or an act with a certain [[w:standard of care]].|Wikipedia|[[w:due diligence]]}}

== International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ==
The [[w:International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]] is a multilateral treaty approved by the [[UN]] General Assembly. It came into force in 1976 and it commits its parties to work toward the granting of [[w:economic, social, and cultural rights]] (ESCR) to the [[w:United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories|Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories]] and individuals, including [[w:labour rights]] and the [[w:right to health]], the [[w:right to education]], and the [[w:right to an adequate standard of living]]. (Wikipedia)

== United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights ==
The [[w:United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights]] (UNGPs) were presented in 2011 and are considered to be the first global standard for preventing and addressing the risk of adverse impacts on human rights linked to business activity, and continue to provide the internationally accepted framework for enhancing standards and practice regarding business and human rights.

The UNGPs encompass three pillars outlining how states and businesses should implement the framework:

# The state duty to protect human rights
# The corporate responsibility to respect human rights
# Access to remedy for victims of business-related abuses

== Human Rights Impact Assessment ==
{{Q|Human Rights Impact Assessment is a process for systematically identifying, predicting and responding to the potential human rights impacts of a business operation, capital project, government policy, or trade agreement. It is designed to complement a company or government’s other impact assessment and due diligence processes and to be framed by appropriate international human rights principles and conventions.|Wikipedia|[[w:Human Rights Impact Assessment]]}}

== See also in Wikipedia ==
* [[w:International labour law]]
* [[w:Corporate accountability for human rights violations]]
* [[w:Labour standards in the World Trade Organization]]
* [[w:List of human rights organisations]]
* [[w:List of human rights articles by country]]
* [[w:List of International Labour Organization Conventions]]
* [[w:List of organizations that combat human trafficking]]

== External links to sites dealing with human rights in business ==
* [https://www.asyousow.org/ As You Sow (.org)] works in advancing shareholder advocacy and runs the [https://www.sourcingnetwork.org/ Responsible Sourcing Network (.org)] with programs on cotton, minerals and anti-slavery.
* [http://www.bhrinlaw.org/ Business & Human Rights in Law (.org)]
* [https://www.business-humanrights.org/ Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (.org)] runs, among other things the [https://www.modernslaveryregistry.org/ Modern Slavery Registry (.org)]
* [https://www.csrandthelaw.com/ Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law (.com)]
* [http://www.endslaverynow.org/ End Slavery Now (.org)] is a US based anti-slavery organization
* [https://freedomfund.org/ The Freedom Fund (.org)] is a leader in the global movement to end modern slavery.
* [https://www.sedexglobal.com/ Sedex Global (.com)] provides tools for both producers and buyers to improve the responsibility of their business operations and develops the [https://www.sedexglobal.com/smeta-audit/ SMETA - Sedex Members Ethical Trade Audit methodology]

== References ==
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