User:Jukeboksi/Wiki.study/Natural therapeutics: Difference between revisions

    From Consumerium development wiki R&D Wiki
    imported>Jukeboksi
    (Ginger: named references and referenced in === Breast cancer and ginger === + === Colon cancer and ginger === + === Ovarian cancer and ginger === + === Pancreatic cancer and ginger ===)
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    === Breast cancer and ginger ===
    === Breast cancer and ginger ===


    {{Q|Gingerol has been investigated [[w:in vitro]] for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,<ref name=""BBCGinger2003"/><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009"/> breast tissue,
    {{Q|Gingerol has been investigated [[w:in vitro]] for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,<ref name=""BBCGinger2003"/><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009"/> breast tissue,<ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008"/> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007"/> and pancreas,<ref name=PancreasCancerGinger2006"/> with positive results.|Wikipedia|[[w:Gingerol|Gingerol]] as of 2019-11}}
    <ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008"/> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007"/>
    and pancreas,<ref name=PancreasCancerGinger2006"/> with positive results.|Wikipedia|[[w:Gingerol|Gingerol]] as of 2019-11}}
    ----
    ----
    == Cervical cancer ==
    == Cervical cancer ==
    Line 232: Line 230:


    === Colon cancer and ginger ===
    === Colon cancer and ginger ===
    {{Q|Gingerol has been investigated [[w:in vitro]] for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,<ref name=""BBCGinger2003"/><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009"/> breast tissue,
    {{Q|Gingerol has been investigated [[w:in vitro]] for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,<ref name=""BBCGinger2003"/><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009"/> breast tissue,<ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008"/> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007"/> and pancreas,<ref name=PancreasCancerGinger2006"/> with positive results.|Wikipedia|[[w:Gingerol|Gingerol]] as of 2019-11}}
    <ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008"/> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007"/>
    and pancreas,<ref name=PancreasCancerGinger2006"/> with positive results.|Wikipedia|[[w:Gingerol|Gingerol]] as of 2019-11}}


    ----
    ----
    Line 337: Line 333:
    === Ovarian cancer and ginger ===
    === Ovarian cancer and ginger ===


    {{Q|Gingerol has been investigated [[w:in vitro]] for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,<ref name=""BBCGinger2003"/><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009"/> breast tissue,
    {{Q|Gingerol has been investigated [[w:in vitro]] for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,<ref name=""BBCGinger2003"/><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009"/> breast tissue,<ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008"/> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007"/> and pancreas,<ref name=PancreasCancerGinger2006"/> with positive results.|Wikipedia|[[w:Gingerol|Gingerol]] as of 2019-11}}
    <ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008"/> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007"/>
    and pancreas,<ref name=PancreasCancerGinger2006"/> with positive results.|Wikipedia|[[w:Gingerol|Gingerol]] as of 2019-11}}
    ----
    ----
    == Pancreatic cancer ==
    == Pancreatic cancer ==
    Line 354: Line 348:


    === Pancreatic cancer and ginger ===
    === Pancreatic cancer and ginger ===
    {{Q|Gingerol has been investigated [[w:in vitro]] for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,<ref name=""BBCGinger2003"/><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009"/> breast tissue,
    {{Q|Gingerol has been investigated [[w:in vitro]] for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,<ref name=""BBCGinger2003"/><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009"/> breast tissue,<ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008"/> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007"/> and pancreas,<ref name=PancreasCancerGinger2006"/> with positive results.|Wikipedia|[[w:Gingerol|Gingerol]] as of 2019-11}}
    <ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008"/> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007"/>
    and pancreas,<ref name=PancreasCancerGinger2006"/> with positive results.|Wikipedia|[[w:Gingerol|Gingerol]] as of 2019-11}}
    ----
    ----
    == Prostate cancer ==
    == Prostate cancer ==
    Line 639: Line 631:
    |title=Ginger 'could halt bowel cancer'  
    |title=Ginger 'could halt bowel cancer'  
    |publisher=[[w:BBC News]]
    |publisher=[[w:BBC News]]
    }}</ref>
    }}</ref><ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009">
    <ref name="GingerolColonCancer2009">


    {{cite journal  
    {{cite journal  
    Line 671: Line 662:
    |pmid=19531649  
    |pmid=19531649  
    |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0491|display-authors=8  
    |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0491|display-authors=8  
    }}</ref> breast tissue,
    }}</ref> breast tissue,<ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008">
    <ref name="BreastCancerGingerol2008">


    {{cite journal  
    {{cite journal  
    Line 691: Line 681:
    |pmid=17683926  
    |pmid=17683926  
    |doi=10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.05.008
    |doi=10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.05.008
    }}</ref> ovaries,
    }}</ref> ovaries,<ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007">
    <ref name="OvarianCancerGinger2007">


    {{cite journal  
    {{cite journal  

    Revision as of 14:36, 11 December 2019

    Nature provides us with many healing agents but these are often pushed to the periphery of public knowledge to ensure big pharma profits.

    Alzheimer's

    Alzheimer's and cannabis

    Cannabis has been found to be beneficial for Alzheimer's sufferers. Especially true this is for THC which inhibits the formulation of toxic beta amyloid protein plaque on braincells which causes Alzheimer's disease.

    Scientific research about Alzheimer's and cannabis

    Links about Alzheimer's disease and cannabis

    Alzheimer's and turmeric

    • 'Optimized Turmeric Extract Reduces β-Amyloid and Phosphorylated Tau Protein Burden in Alzheimer’s Transgenic Mice' suggests that turmeric may be useful for Alzheimer's sufferers as it has been shown to inhibit beta amyloid aggregation and secretation in mice.[1]

    Alzheimer's and ginger

    Ginger may improve brain functioning and protect against Alzheimer's disease [2]

    Antibiotics from nature

    Antibiotic blackberries

    Ripe, ripening and raw blackberries

    Blackberries kill antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria[3]. Irish teen awarded prize for discovery.[4]

    Antibiotic cannabis leaves

    Cannabis leaves found effective against antibiotic resistant bacteria.[5]

    Studies about antibiotic cannabis

    Links about antibiotic cannabis

    Antibiotic thyme

    Thymus vulgaris shoot

    Thyme contains w:thymol, which is a natural antibiotic. Oil of thyme, the essential oil of common thyme (w:Thymus vulgaris), contains 20–54% thymol and other substances. (Wikipedia)

    Asthma

    Asthma and cannabis

    Autism

    Autism and cannabis

    Autoimmune diseases

    Autoimmune diseases and cannabis

    Cannabis helps with many autoimmune diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and other properties.

    Links about autoimmune diseases and cannabis

    Rheumatoid arthritis and cannabis

    Cannabis helps with Rheumatoid arthritis.

    Studies about rheumatic diseases and cannabis

    Links about Rheumatoid arthritis and cannabis


    Rheumatoid arthiritis and ginger

    “Gingerol seems to be effective in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis.[6]”

    ~ Wikipedia on Gingerol and rheumatoid arthritis as of 2019-11

    Lupus and cannabis

    Cannabis helps with Systemic lupus erythematosus

    Coeliac disease and cannabis

    Cannabis helps with Coeliac disease.

    Psoriasis and cannabis

    You could also be looking for dermatitis, also known as eczema.

    Cannabis helps with Psoriasis and when applied externally.

    Cancers

    Cancers and cannabis

    Key things everyone needs to know about cancers and cannabis

    Warning: Smoking the cannabis as the method of cannabinoid delivery the smoke contains quite a few carcinogenic substances i.e. cancer inducing substances. See the section administering cannabis for alternatives to smoking it.

    Internet is rife with stories about winning the battle against cancer with the help of phytocannabinoids. What does the science say?

    Cannabis is...

    1. Anti-proliferative - cannabis is against tumor growth [7]
    2. Anti-metastatic - cannabis is against cancer spreading to other parts in the body because of metastatic activity[7]
    3. Anti-angiogenetic - cannabis is against new blood vein growth to tumor[7]
    4. Apoptotic - cannabis causes cancer cells to programmedly kill themselves via Apoptosis. [7]
    5. Pain relief - cannabis works very well against the somatic and nonsomatic pains brought on by cancer.
    6. Appetite stimulator - cannabis helps maintain a good appetite.
    7. Anti-nauseatic - cannabis helps with the chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting if you receive chemotherapy. World's first study of cannabis for chemotherapy's negative effects is underway in Australia. [8] [9]

    Phytocannabinoids are harmless to healthy cannabinoid receptor containing cells.

    Links about cannabis and cancer in general

    Scientific articles

    Ongoing and upcoming cannabis and cancer

    "Official" information

    Cannabis and cancers advocacy

    Testimonies about cannabis and cancer

    Cancer surviving cases with cannabis

    Learn from videos by experts in phytocannabinoid treatment of cancers

    People:

    Videos


    See also: Cancers and turmeric (intra-article link)

    Brain cancer

    A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine. (Wikipedia) A blastoma is a type of cancer, more common in children, that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells. (Wikipedia)

    Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, but it may potentially be treated with cannabis.[10]

    Brain cancer and cannabis

    In 2018 Insys Therapeutics announced the the FDA has given CBD an orphan drug designation (ODD) to CBD for treating gliomas.[11]

    Studies about brain tumors and cannabis

    Links about brain cancer and cannabis

    Breast cancer

    Breast cancer and cannabis


    Breast cancer and frankincense

    A flowering Boswellia sacra tree

    Boswellia is a genus of trees in the order Sapindales, known for their fragrant resin. The biblical incense w:frankincense was an extract from the resin of the tree Boswellia sacra, and is now produced also from B. frereana. (Wikipedia)

    Scientific articles about frankincense healing

    Breast cancer and ginger

    “Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name[12] breast tissue,[13] ovaries,[14] and pancreas,[15] with positive results.”

    ~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

    Cervical cancer

    Cervical cancer and cannabis

    Colon cancer

    Colon cancer and cannabis


    Colon cancer and ginger

    “Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name[12] breast tissue,[13] ovaries,[14] and pancreas,[15] with positive results.”

    ~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

    Langerhans cell sarcoma

    Langerhans cell sarcoma and cannabis

    Langerhans cell sarcoma is extremely rare.

    Leukemia

    There are 2 main types of Leukemia:

    Leukemia and cannabis

    Links about Lympoid and Myeloid leukemia and cannabis

    Leukemia and ginger

    “Gingerol and its analogues have a favourable toxicity profile, but are cytotoxic towards a range of cancer cell lines including blood cancer and lung cancer.[16]”

    ~ Wikipedia on Gingerol and blood cancer and lung cancer as of 2019-11

    Lymphoid leukemia and cannabis

    Links about Lymphoid leukemia and cannabis

    Myeloid leukemia and cannabis

    Links about Myeloid leukemia and cannabis

    Liver cancer

    Liver cancer and cannabis

    Lung cancer

    Lung cancer and cannabis

    Laboratory and mice studies seem to indicate that THC can slow down the growth of lung cancer tumours from growing by binding to the same receptors as epidermal growth factor (EGF): the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR).

    Links to studies about lung cancer and cannabis '

    Compendiums of information on lung cancer and cannabis

    Lung cancer and cannabis in the media

    Lung cancer and ginger

    “Gingerol and its analogues have a favourable toxicity profile, but are cytotoxic towards a range of cancer cell lines including blood cancer and lung cancer.[17]”

    ~ Wikipedia on Gingerol and blood cancer and lung cancer as of 2019-11

    Lymphoma

    Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. (Wikipedia)

    Lymphoma and cannabis

    Oral cancer

    Oral cancer and cannabis

    Osteosarcoma

    w:Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer.

    Osteosarcoma and cannabis

    Ovarian cancer

    Ovarian cancer and cannabis

    Links to studies about ovarian cancer and cannabis

    Links to information about ovarian cancer and cannabis


    Ovarian cancer and frankincense

    Links to articles about frankincense healing '

    Ovarian cancer and ginger

    “Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name[12] breast tissue,[13] ovaries,[14] and pancreas,[15] with positive results.”

    ~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

    Pancreatic cancer

    Pancreatic cancer and cannabis

    Studies about pancreatic cancer and cannabis

    Pancreatic cancer and ginger

    “Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name[12] breast tissue,[13] ovaries,[14] and pancreas,[15] with positive results.”

    ~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

    Prostate cancer

    Prostate cancer and cannabis

    Cannabis helps with prostate cancer.

    Skin cancer

    Skin cancer and cannabis

    Melanoma

    Melanoma and cannabis

    Testicular cancer

    Testicular cancer and cannabis

    Thyroid cancer

    Thyroid cancer and cannabis

    Common cough

    Common cough and pineapple

    Pineapple is effective cough medicine due to its Bromelain content.

    Pineapple fruit and it's stem contain Bromelain, an enzyme with anti-cough properties.

    In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that bromelain exhibits various fibrinolytic, antiedematous, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.[18] Bromelain accounts for many therapeutic benefits like the treatment of angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical trauma, and thrombophlebitis, debridement of wounds, and enhanced absorption of drugs, particularly antibiotics.[18]

    Common cough and elderberries

    Elderberries

    Elderberries (or Elder) belong to the genus w:Sambucus and may be useful for various kinds of flu.

    Crohn's disease

    Crohn's disease and cannabis

    Study shows THC helps with Crohn's disease.

    Epilepsy

    Epilepsy and cannabis

    Full extract cannabis oil in a syringe for easy dosing and travel is usually administered in drops to the gums or under the tongue.

    Cannabis can be used to treat epilepsy.

    Studies about epilepsies and cannabis

    Links about epilepsies and cannabis

    Dravet syndrome

    Dravet syndrome and cannabis

    w:Dravet syndrome, previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is a type of w:epilepsy with seizures that are often triggered by hot temperatures or w:fever.

    In a 2018 trial 'A prospective open‐label trial of a CBD/THC cannabis oil in dravet syndrome' the reasearchers found that when treating Dravet syndrome with 50:1 CBD:THC-ratio oil "There was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life, reduction in EEG spike activity, and median motor seizure reduction of 70.6%, with 50% responder rate of 63%.". CTVNews.ca article 'Cannabis oil with THC may help treat kids with severe epilepsy' reporting on the study

    Dermatological conditions

    Dermatological conditions and cannabis

    #Psoriasis and cannabis is listed under autoimmune diseases.

    Dermatitis

    Dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a group of diseases that results in inflammation of the skin that includes atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis and stasis dermatitis. (Adapted from Wikipedia)

    Lyme disease

    Lyme disease and stevia

    Lyme disease also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium named Borrelia spread by ticks.

    Stevia rebaudiana

    Stevia is a sweetener and sugar substitute extracted from the leaves of the plant species Stevia rebaudiana, native to Brazil and Paraguay.

    Stevia works against the Lyme disease.[19]

    Links about stevia and Lyme disease

    Migraines

    Migraines and cannabis

    It has been suggested that clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome (CEDS) may be causing migraines. Many studies found medical cannabis as an effective prophylaxis against migraine attacks, especially the high CBD strains.

    Scientific articles about migraines and cannabis

    Compediums about migraines and cannabis

    Links to articles about migraines and cannabis

    Pain

    Pain and cannabis

    “You just don't feel like thinking about the pain.”

    ~ Apotheker Jukeboksi on somatic pain relief with cannabis

    “There is more to it than that.”

    ~ Science on above quote

    Cannabis is anti-inflammatory which helps relieve some of the pain. Pain is a signal of inflammation so counter-acting inflammation causing things cannabis naturally helps lower the pain.

    Scientific articles about cannabis as an anti-pain agent

    Links about cannabis as an anti-pain agent

    Collections of information on pain management with cannabis

    Parkinson's disease

    Parkinson's disease and cannabis

    Scientific studies on the issue of Parkinsons and cannabinoids

    Compendiums of research

    Articles in media

    Non-somatic issues

    Non-somatic issues with cannabis

    Cannabis can help with various non-somatic problems such as psychiatry, depression and PTSD.

    Depression

    Depression and cannabis

    Psychosis

    Psychosis and cannabis

    Studies about psychosis and cannabis

    Articles about psychosis and cannabis

    PTSD

    PTSD and cannabis

    Studies about medical cannabis for PTSD

    Scientific studies about cannabis and PTSD

    Links about medical cannabis for PTSD

    Sclerosis

    “In medicine, sclerosis is the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue.”

    ~ Wikipedia on Sclerosis

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cannabis

    Cannabis helps with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also known as Lou Gehrig's disease and motor neurone disease (MND).

    Multiple sclerosis

    Multiple sclerosis (MS) and cannabis

    Cannabis is very good against Multiple sclerosis. Prince Charles knew of this way back in 1998[20].

    Scientific articles about MS and cannabis

    Compendiums of knowledge about MS and cannabis

    Links about MS and cannabis

    Seizures

    Seizures and cannabis

    Strokes

    Strokes and cannabis

    Traumatic brain injury

    Traumatic brain injury and cannabis

    Cannabis can help in healing from TBI

    Garden

    Dandelion

    A dandelion flower

    Dandelion root concentrates found effective against chemo-resistant melanoma and leukemia.[21]

    "Since the commencement of this project, we have been able to successfully assess the effect of a simple water extract of dandelion root in various human cancer cell types, in the lab and we have observed its effectiveness against human T cell leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, pancreatic and colon cancers, with no toxicity to non-cancer cells. Furthermore, these efficacy studies have been confirmed in animal models (mice) that have been transplanted with human colon cancer cells."[22]

    Research centers of medicinal dandelion root

    Scientific studies about dandelion root and cancers

    Summary of known dandelion health benefits

    Links about dandelion and cancers

    Ginger

    Ginger plant

    Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine.[23]

    Ginger is in the family Zingiberaceae, which also includes turmeric (Curcuma longa), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), and galangal.[23]


    “Gingerol has been investigated w:in vitro for its effect on cancerous tumors of the bowel,[24][12] breast tissue,[13] ovaries,[14] and pancreas,[15] with positive results.”

    ~ Wikipedia on Gingerol as of 2019-11

    Links about ginger

    Chemistry of ginger

    The characteristic fragrance and flavor of ginger result from volatile oils that compose 1-3% of the weight of fresh ginger, primarily consisting of zingerone, ls, and gingerols with [6]-gingerol (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) as the major pungent compound.[25] Zingerone is produced from gingerols during drying, having lower pungency and a spicy-sweet aroma.[25] Shagoals are more pungent and have higher antioxidant activity but not found in raw ginger, but is formed from gingerols during heating, storage or via acidity.[25][26]

    Fresh ginger also contains an enzyme zingibain which is a cysteine protease and has similar properties to rennet.[26]

    Ginger rhizome (root)

    11 health benefits of ginger at healthline.com (with sources)

    1. Ginger contains w:Gingerol, a substance with powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.[2]
    2. Ginger can treat many forms of nausea, especially morning sickness and chemo-induced nausea[2]
    3. Ginger may reduce muscle pain and soreness [2]
    4. Ginger can help with w:osteoarthritis [2]
    5. Ginger may lower blood sugars [2]
    6. Ginger can help treat chronic indigestion [2]
    7. Ginger powder may significantly reduce menstrual pain [2]
    8. Ginger may lower cholesterol levels [2]
    9. Ginger contains gingerol, which may help to prevent cancers [2]
    10. Ginger may improve brain functioning and protect against Alzheimer's disease [2]
    11. Gingerol can help lower risk of infections [2]

    Spirulina

    Spirulina powder at 400X, wet mount.

    Spirulina is a biomass of a (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and other animals. The two species are Arthrospira platensis and A. maxima. ( Wikipedia )

    Spirulina is extremely high in protein, contains an almost perfect balance of Omega-3 to Omega-6, and is rich in the following minerals: iron, copper, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, selenium and zinc. It also contains high levels of vitamin A, C, E, K, B6, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin and thiamin. [27]

    Spirulina has been found to help against [27]

    Tea

    Turmeric

    Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) of genus Curcuma.
    Turmeric, used as spice, medicine and dye is made of ground roots of Curcuma Longa.

    Turmeric contains curcumin, a curcuminoid.

    Studies regarding turmeric

    Cancers and turmeric

    Curcumin has been found to have anti-cancer properties. Curcumin interferes with cancer via multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[28].

    See also: Cancers and cannabis (intra-article link)

    Cannabis

    Cannabis is the oldest and most versatile medicine known to humankind.

    Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica are the main cannabis variants though most strains are mixes of these. A third cannabis line is the Cannabis ruderalis, a rugged northern cannabis that has adapted to flower even under northern long summer days.

    The endocannabinoid system

    Main article in wikipedia Endocannabinoid system

    Endocannabinoids are synthesized by our own bodies from Arachidonic acid, an essential polyunsaturated Omega-6 fatty acid[29].

    Scientific articles about the endocannabinoid system

    Articles about the endocannabinoid system

    The endocannabinoid receptors

    File:Stock-vector-human-endocannabinoid-system-target-active-in-male-and-female-body-1237262152.jpg
    Prevalence of endocannabinoid receptors in the human body. Photo credit: ThanasStudio

    Human body contains 2 types of endocannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, but cannabinoids have interactions also on some other receptors.

    CB1 receptors

    CB1 receptors predominantly located in the nervous system, connective tissues, gonads, glands, and organs[30].

    CB2 receptors

    CB2 receptors, primarily found in the immune system and also present in the spleen, liver, heart, kidneys, bones, blood vessels, lymph cells, endocrine glands, and reproductive organs[30].

    Endocannabinoids

    Anandamide, an endogenous ligand of CB1 and CB2

    The two main endocannabinoids are Anandamide and 2-AG.

    Anandamide

    Anandamide was discovered in 1992 and it binds to both CB1 and CB2 receptors. The name comes from the Sanskrit word 'Ananda' meaning 'bliss' and amide from its chemistry.

    It has been referred to as the endocannabinoid version of THC.

    Synthesis of Anandamide: Arachidonic acid -> Phosphatidylethanolamide + N-Acyltransferase -> N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine + Phospholipase D -> Anandamide[31]

    2-AG
    2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous agonist of the CB1 receptor.

    2-Arachidonoylglycerol aka. 2-AG was discovered in 1994-1995.

    Synthesis of 2-AG: Arachidonic acid -> Phosphatidylinositol + Phospholipase Cs -> w:Diacylglycerol + Diacylglycerol lipase -> 2-AG[31]

    N-Arachidonoyl dopamine

    N-Arachidonoyl dopamine discovered in 2000.

    2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether

    2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether discovered in 2001.

    Virodhamine

    Virodhamine discovered in 2002

    Lysophosphatidylinositol

    Lysophosphatidylinositol is a contender to be the 6th endocannabinoid.


    Phytocannabinoids

    Female Cannabis indica plants. These are often good for pain relief producing a nice body stone.

    Many people may know the 2 most prevalent phytocannabinoids, THC and CBD.

    Studies about phytocannabinoids

    Links about phytocannabinoids

    List of known phytocannabinoids from Wikipedia:

    THC

    Tetrahydrocannabinol is a partial agonist of CB1 located mainly in the central nervous system, and the CB2 receptor mainly expressed in cells of the immune system.

    Tetrahydrocannabinol was found in 1964[33] and it is the main psychoactive compound that brings the 'high' most recreational users are chasing.

    THCA

    Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid THCA is the what cannabis plants produce to fend off insects from harming it. In pure form THCA is a clear translucent crystalline of white color.

    THC is produced from the raw THCA by a process called decarboxylation. Basically means to heat the stuff over certain temperature.

    THCA found in raw marijuana apparently has some health enhancing properties. The issue is being researched.

    CBD

    Cannabidiol has very low affinity for the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors receptors but acts as an indirect antagonist of cannabinoid agonists.
    File:Stock-vector-hemp-cbd-wellness-and-your-body-health-benefits-of-cannabidiol-cbd-from-cannabis-hemp-marijuana-1266680014.jpg
    Health benefits of CBD. Photo credit: ThanasStudio

    Cannabidiol was isolated and identified from Cannabis sativa in 1940[33]. CBD is not psychoactive and it has the most medical applications of all phytocannabinoids.

    “Cannabidiol has little affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors but acts as an indirect antagonist of cannabinoid agonists.[34]”

    CBDA

    Cannabidiolic Acid is the raw form. Decarboxylating CBDA yields CBD.

    CBN

    Cannabinol is a sleeping aid and has also other therapeutic qualities.

    CBG

    Cannabigerol

    “Cannabigerol has been shown to promote apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth in mice. It acts as an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, and CB1 receptor antagonist.[35] It also binds to the CB2 receptor.[35]”

    Links about CBG

    CBC

    Cannabichromene

    CBL

    Cannabicyclol

    CBV

    Cannabivarin

    THCV

    Tetrahydrocannabivarin can be used to inhibit appetite.

    Links about THCV

    CBDV

    Cannabidivarin

    CBCV

    Cannabichromevarin

    CBGV

    Cannabigerovarin

    CBGM

    Cannabigerol Monomethyl Ether

    CBE

    Cannabielsoin

    CBT

    Cannabicitran

    Making cannabinoids with yeasts

    Scientists have figured out how to splice the DNA of yeasts, so that they produce cannabinoids.[36]

    Cannflavins

    Cannaflavins A and B are very potent anti-inflammatory agents and thus help lessen the pain sensation originating from inflammation.

    Links about cannflavins

    Terpenes in cannabis

    Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, and by some w:insects.[37]

    Links about terpenes found in cannabis

    Synthetic cannabinoids

    Synthetic cannabinoids are a class of molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors in the body — the same receptors to which THC and CBD attach – which are cannabinoids in cannabis plants. (Wikipedia)

    Word of caution: Many synthetic cannabinoids are dangerous and should not be administered by others than medical professionals.

    Links about synthetic cannabinoids

    Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) is a synthetic agonist of the CB1 receptor. (Wikipedia)

    Other plants that contain compounds that are active in cannabinoid receptors

    1. Echinacea contains N-alkylamides, that function via cannabimemetics to provide immune-boosting and is also used to relieve anxiety, fatigue, migraines and arthritis.[38]
    2. Black pepper contains high levels of the terpene called β-caryophyllene (BCP). BCP functions as a cannabinoid, and has a binding affinity with the CB2 receptor.[38]
    3. Flax (linen) seeds produce cannabinoid-like compounds very similar to CBD.[38]
    4. Cacao contains lots of magnesium, but also "happy-brain" chemicals like theobromine, phenethylamine, tryptophan, and anandamide. Cacao affects the endocannabinoid system by deactivating the enzyme called FAAH. This enzyme breaks down the endocannabinoid known as anandamide.[38]
    5. Black truffles contain anandamide.[38]
    6. Helichrysum umbraculigerum contains cannabigerol (CBG).[38]
    7. Rhododendron anthopogonoides (Chinese Labrador) contains anthopogocyclolic acid and anthopogochromenic acid and five related compounds known as synthetic analogues of cannabinoids: cannabichromene (CBC) type, cannabicyclol (CBL) type and cannabicitran (CBT) type, have been isolated together with geranyl orsellinic acid. [38]
    8. Liverwort contains Perrottetinene, a cannabinoid similar to THC.[39][38]

    Cannabis therapeutics

    Rare 11-leafer Cannabis sativa
    Male Cannabis sativa plants in late flowering stages.

    Cannabis can be applied to treat a wide assortment of illnesses. In this case it is called medical cannabis.

    Due to the inbuilt default to always take the safe route and also to backup the back of your fellow MD colleague the Wikipedia does not yield the right infos on how useful and versatile a medication cannabis is.

    Research has been held back by arcane laws even as cannabis is the oldest medicine known to man and it should be gladly appreciated and not outlawed because of big pharma interests.

    Medical cannabis research and information organizations

    External links about cannabis as medicine

    Literature about cannabis as a medicine

    Anecdotal testimonies about medical cannabis

    Administering cannabis

    There are various other ways to administer cannabis methods besides smoking it:

    Vaping cannabis

    Cannabis concentrate known as "shatter"
    • Vaping (short for vaporizing), a method where the plant material is heated hot enough for the cannabinoids to become gaseous but cold enough that the plant matter does not combust and thus avoiding the carcinogens that come from burning the plant matter. Vaping is also the preferred method to consume concentrates.

    Links

    Oral cannabis

    Bottle of cannabis tincture
    • Edibles, tinctures and cannabis oil may be administered orally. Cannabinoids are soluble to alcohol and to fat and cannabis can be infused into many forms of edibles, but the problem is with efficiency as your stomach acids will destroy a lot of the cannabinoids.

    Links

    Rectal cannabis

    • Rectal - some doctors recommend taking cannabis rectally as this is method of administering allows you to take very large doses efficiently.[40]

    Links

    Topical cannabis

    • Topicals - for some skin affecting conditions this is a good way to administer the medicine. Many skin condition sufferers praise the combination of cannabis and coconut oil to make a topical to apply to the affected skin.

    Naval cannabis

    Right under the belly button there is a gland called Pechoti, which some say is a very good way to administer medical cannabis. Naval administration of medicine is a method used by the ancient Ayurvedic medicine.

    Links

    Some sources report cannabis effective for

    1. #Asthma and cannabis
    2. #Autism and cannabis
    3. #Cancers

    ...

    Information sources on natural therapeutics

    References

    1. ↑ https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/car/2012/00000009/00000004/art00012
    2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/11-proven-benefits-of-ginger
    3. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28270804
    4. ↑ https://www.hygiene-in-practice.com/publication/student-discovers-blackberry-antibiotic-for-multi-resistant-pathogens/
    5. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322697165_In_vitro_antibacterial_activity_of_Cannabis_sativa_leaf_extracts_to_some_selective_pathogenic_bacterial_strains
    6. ↑ Funk, Janet L.; Frye, Jennifer B.; Oyarzo, Janice N.; Timmermann, Barbara N. (2009). "Comparative Effects of Two Gingerol-Containing Zingiber officinale Extracts on Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis". Journal of Natural Products. 72 (3): 403–7. doi:10.1021/np8006183. PMC 2837120. PMID 19216559.
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 https://herb.co/news/health/cannabis-kills-cancer/
    8. ↑ https://herb.co/news/health/world-first-cannabis-chemotherapy/
    9. ↑ https://www.medicinalcannabis.nsw.gov.au/clinical-trials/chemotherapy-trial
    10. ↑ https://www.medicaldaily.com/marijuana-just-might-help-cure-one-deadliest-forms-brain-cancer-410947
    11. ↑ http://wphealth.cc/2018/10/11/fda-approves-cannabis-for-brain-cancer-treatment/
    12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Jeong, C.-H.; Bode, A. M.; Pugliese, A.; Cho, Y.-Y.; Kim, H.-G.; Shim, J.-H.; Jeon, Y.-J.; Li, H.; et al. (2009). "[6]-Gingerol Suppresses Colon Cancer Growth by Targeting Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase". Cancer Research. 69 (13): 5584–91. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0491. PMID 19531649.
    13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Lee, H; Seo, E; Kang, N; Kim, W (2008). "[6]-Gingerol inhibits metastasis of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells". The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 19 (5): 313–9. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.05.008. PMID 17683926.
    14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Rhode, Jennifer; Fogoros, Sarah; Zick, Suzanna; Wahl, Heather; Griffith, Kent A; Huang, Jennifer; Liu, J Rebecca (2007). "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 7: 44. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-7-44. PMC 2241638. PMID 18096028.
    15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Park, Yon Jung; Wen, Jing; Bang, Seungmin; Park, Seung Woo; Song, Si Young (2006). "[6]-Gingerol Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Cell Death of Mutant p53-expressing Pancreatic Cancer Cells". Yonsei Medical Journal. 47 (5): 688–97. doi:10.3349/ymj.2006.47.5.688. PMC 2687755. PMID 17066513.
    16. ↑ Semwal, RB; Semwal, DK; Combrinck, S; Viljoen, AM. "Gingerols and shogaols: Important nutraceutical principles from ginger". Phytochemistry. 117: 554–68. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.012. PMID 26228533.
    17. ↑ Semwal, RB; Semwal, DK; Combrinck, S; Viljoen, AM. "Gingerols and shogaols: Important nutraceutical principles from ginger". Phytochemistry. 117: 554–68. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.012. PMID 26228533.
    18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529416/
    19. ↑ https://www.healthspiritbody.com/lyme-disease-treatment/
    20. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1998/dec/24/monarchy.ameliagentleman
    21. ↑ https://www.getholistichealth.com/79015/dandelion-root-kill-melanoma-leukemia/
    22. ↑ http://www.uwindsor.ca/dandelionrootproject/
    23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ginger&oldid=925126238
    24. ↑ "Ginger 'could halt bowel cancer'". w:BBC News. October 29, 2003.
    25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 An K, Zhao D, Wang Z, et al. (2016). "Comparison of different drying methods on Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): Changes in volatiles, chemical profile, antioxidant properties, and microstructure". Food Chem. 197 (Part B): 1292–300. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.033. PMID 26675871. Cite uses deprecated parameter |displayauthors= (help)
    26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger#Chemistry
    27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 https://livelovefruit.com/top-spirulina-benefits/
    28. ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304383508002310
    29. ↑ https://wakeup-world.com/2014/09/08/the-endocannabinoid-system-and-how-thc-cures-cancer/
    30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 https://patients4medicalmarijuana.wordpress.com/2017/07/06/how-and-why-your-brain-makes-its-own-cannabinoids/
    31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5685274/
    32. ↑ https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-59259-947-9_2
    33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol
    34. ↑ Mechoulam, Raphael; Peters, Maximilian; Murillo-Rodriguez, Eric; Hanuš, Lumír O. (2007). "Cannabidiol – Recent Advances". Chemistry & Biodiversity. 4 (8): 1678–92. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790147. PMID 17712814.
    35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Cascio, MG; Gauson, LA; Stevenson, LA; Ross, RA; Pertwee, RG (2010). "Evidence that the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potent α2-adrenoceptor agonist and moderately potent 5HT1A receptor antagonist". British Journal of Pharmacology. 159 (1): 129–41. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00515.x. PMC 2823359. PMID 20002104.
    36. ↑ http://globalhealthtimes.com/2019/03/06/scientists-are-making-thc-and-cbd-in-a-lab-without-growing/
    37. ↑ Eberhard Breitmaier (2006). Terpenes: Flavors, Fragrances, Pharmaca, Pheromones. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/9783527609949. ISBN 9783527609949.
    38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.7 https://livelovefruit.com/8-non-marijuana-plants-contain-cannabinoids/
    39. ↑ https://www.newsweek.com/medical-marijuana-moss-plant-acts-thc-cannabis-1184661
    40. ↑ https://hightimes.com/health/science/doctors-orders-put-marijuana-in-your-butt-dont-smoke-it/
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