Editing User:Jukeboksi/BBA studies/Toolkit for Quantitative Surveys

* '''[[w:SPSS|SPSS Statistics]]''' is a [[w:computer program|software package]] used for [[w:statistical analysis|statistical analysis]]. ( Wikipedia )

* '''[[w:Statistical inference|Statistical inference]]''' is the process of drawing conclusions from data that are subject to random variation, for example, observational errors or sampling variation. ( Wikipedia )

* In [[w:statistical inference|statistical inference]] of observed data of a [[w:scientific experiment|scientific experiment]], the '''[[w:null hypothesis|null hypothesis]]''' refers to a general or default position: that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena. ( Wikipedia )

* A '''[[w:statistical hypothesis testing|statistical hypothesis test]]''' is a method of statistical inference using data from a [[w:scientific method|scientific study]]. In [[w:statistics|statistics]], a result is called [[w:statistically significant|statistically significant]] if it has been predicted as unlikely to have occurred by [[w:Luck|chance]] alone, according to a pre-determined threshold probability, the significance level. ( Wikipedia )

* '''[[w:Cross tabulation|Cross tabulation]]''' (or '''crosstabs''' for short) is a [[w:statistics|statistical]] process that summarizes [[w:categorical data|categorical data]] to create a [[w:contingency table|contingency table]].

* A '''[[w:crosstab|crosstab]]''' is another name for a [[w:contingency table|contingency table]], which is a type of table created by [[w:Cross tabulation|crosstabulation]]. In survey research (e.g., polling, market research), a "crosstab" is any table showing [[w:summary statistic|summary statistic]]s. Commonly, crosstabs in survey research are concatenations of multiple different tables. For example, the crosstab below combines multiple contingency tables and tables of averages. ( Wikipedia )

* A '''[[w:scatter plot|scatter plot]]''', '''scatterplot''', or '''scattergraph''' is a type of [[w:mathematical diagram|mathematical diagram]] using [[w:Cartesian coordinate system|Cartesian coordinates]] to display values for two [[w:Variable (mathematics)|variable]]s for a set of data. ( Wikipedia )

* '''[[w:Spearman's rank correlation coefficient|Spearman's rank correlation coefficient]]''' or '''Spearman's rho''', named after [[w:Charles Spearman|Charles Spearman]] and often denoted by the Greek letter rho is a [[w:non-parametric statistics|nonparametric]] measure of [[w:correlation and dependence|statistical dependence]] between two [[w:Variable (mathematics)#Applied statistics|variables]].  It assesses how well the relationship between two variables can be described using a [[w:monotonic|monotonic]] function.  If there are no repeated data values, a perfect Spearman correlation of +1 or −1 occurs when each of the variables is a perfect monotone function of the other. ( Wikipedia )

* The '''[[w:Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient|Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient]]'''  (sometimes referred to as the '''PPMCC''' or '''PCC''', or '''Pearson's ''r''''') is a measure of the linear [[w:correlation|correlation]] (dependence) between two variables ''X'' and ''Y'', giving a value between +1 and −1 inclusive, where 1 is total positive correlation, 0 is no correlation, and −1 is total negative correlation. It is widely used in the sciences as a measure of the degree of linear dependence between two variables. It was developed by [[w:Karl Pearson|Karl Pearson]] from a related idea introduced by [[w:Francis Galton|Francis Galton]] in the 1880s.