Editing Comprehensive outcome

In [[economics]], a '''comprehensive outcome''' is the entire result of an event or process. 
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--[[User:203.249.227.3|203.249.227.3]] 04:58, 26 Oct 2004 (EEST)<nowiki><math>
==  It would include for instance ==
</math></nowiki> the [[natural resource]] depletion, the [[pollution]], and any side effects of the [[production]], [[distribution]] and [[consumption]] processes.  It is contrasted to a '''culminative outcome''' which is simply the obvious result visible to the buyer at the moment and [[point of purchase]], and the [[profit]] made thereby by the supplier.

Another way to state this issue is [[Mike Nickerson]]'s observation that "economics is three-fifths of [[ecology]]".  By focusing on only the "middle three" production, distribution and consumption problems, and ignoring [[resource extraction]] and [[waste disposal]], moves considered wise in economics load ecological processes with an ever-increasing stress.  It is now very generally believed that some of these processes, such as the dumping of [[carbon]] into the [[atmosphere]], causes devastating events, say due to [[extreme weather]] and [[sea level]] rise.  These in turn are visible in the ecologically-insane economics only as [[insurance]] payments.  By focusing on comprehensive outcomes earlier, many economists hope to avert major disasters and harsh painful adjustment measures.

An example of this adjustment was [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s decision to end [[UK]] [[energy generation]] using [[coal]].  When convinced by a panel of scientists, including the recognized expert on the issue [[David Schindler]], that this generation was directly damaging forests in [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]], Thatcher (who held a Full Honours degree in [[Chemistry]] and so was able to comprehend and challenge the arguments) moved decisively to avoid the ecological and political damage.  While this was expensive at the time, it had the side effect of improving [[greenhouse gas control]] as well, and some years later it put the UK in a position of being already compliant with the [[Kyoto Protocol]] when they signed it.  This is a common feature of actions taken to avoid bad comprehensive outcomes - they avoid unforseen problems as well.  As with [[ethical investing]], attention paid to one problem tends to correlate positively with attention paid to other problems, and reduce [[risk]].

As information about the entire extraction, production and disposal process is made more available to the public via the [[Internet]] and other sources, it has become more popular to consider which comprehensive outcomes might lead to [[uneconomic growth]].  Many economists, especially [[green economist]]s, study this difference.  It is quite prominent in the work of [[Paul Hawken]] and [[Amory Lovins]] but originated in the older [[ecological economics]] and [[energy economics]] fields.  [[Human development theory]] also tends to consider comprehensive outcomes, especially on populations living near a process.

The concepts of [[product stewardship]] and [[moral purchasing]], and initiatives to [[conserve habitat]] and [[save energy]], are results of