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= Logistics and SCM = | |||
== Fundamental definitions == | |||
* '''''[[w:Logistics|Logistics]]''' is the [[w:process|process]] that integrates and co-ordinates the elements within the [[w:supply chain|supply chain]] to ensure the best possible [[w:material flow|flow of materials]] and [[w:information|information]]'' ( Teacher slide core wikified ) | |||
* '''''[[w:Logistics|Logistics]]''' deals with the flows and storages of [[w:good (economics)|good]]s, [[w:services (economics)|services]] and related information'' ( Council of Supply Chain Management ) | |||
* '''''[[w:Logistics|Logistics]]''' is a practical science concerned with the mananagement of the '''flow'''s of '''materials, money and information'''. It deals with businesses' and organizations material flows' physical, informational and financial control from procurement to customer ( Finnish Wikipedia on logistics translated by jubo-jubo ) | |||
::: | * '''''[[w:Logistics|Logistics]]''' is the [[w:management|management]] of the flow of [[w:resources|resources]] between the point of origin and in order to meet some requirements, for example, of customers or corporations. The resources managed in logistics can include physical items, such as food, materials, equipment, liquids, and staff, as well as abstract items, such as time, information, particles, and energy. The logistics of physical items usually involves the integration of information flow, [[w:Materials management|material handling]], [[w:Production (economics)|production]], [[w:packaging|packaging]], [[w:inventory|inventory]], [[w:transportation|transportation]], [[w:warehousing|warehousing]], and often [[w:security|security]]. The complexity of logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized, and optimized by dedicated simulation software. The minimization of the use of resources is a common motivation.'' ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* | :::* '''''[[w:fi:Logistiikka|fi:Logistiikka]]''' on materiaali-, raha- ja tietovirtojen hallintaan erikoistunut käytännönjohteinen tieteenhaara. Siinä käsitellään [[w:fi:yritys|yritysten]] ja laitosten materiaalivirran fyysistä, tiedollista ja taloudellista hallintaa hankinnasta [[w:fi:asiakas|asiakkaalle]] saakka.('' Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | ||
* A '''''[[w:supply chain]]''' ( '''[[w:fi:Toimitusketju]]''' ) is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from [[w:Vendor (supply chain)|supplier]] to [[w:customer]].'' ( Wikipedia ) | |||
* '''''[[w:Supply chain management]]''' ('''SCM''') is the management of an interconnected or interlinked between network, channel and node [[w:business|business]]es involved in the provision of [[w:Product (business)|product]] and [[w:Service (economics)|service]] packages required by the end customers in a [[w:supply chain|supply chain]].'' ( Wikipedia ) | |||
:::* '''''[[w:fi:Toimitusketjun hallinta|fi:Toimitusketjun hallinta]]''' (Supply Chain Management, SCM) tarkoittaa tavaroiden toimituksen ja palveluketjun optimointia. Kaikkien toimitusketjun osapuolien; toimittajien, jakelijoiden, alihankkijoiden ym. liikekumppaneiden yhdistämistä ja koko ketjun tehokasta hallinnointia. Tavoitteena on lisätä kaikkien jäsenten välistä kommunikointia ja siten alentaa kustannuksia, lisätä myyntiä ja tehostaa asiakaspalvelua.'' ( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | |||
* A '''[[w:value chain|value chain]]''' is a chain of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable [[w:product (business)|product]] or [[w:Service (economics)|service]] for the [[w:Market (economics)|market]]. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
* '''[[w:Value chain management capability|Value chain management capability]]''' refers to an organisation’s capacity to manage the internationally dispersed activities and partners that are part of its [[w:value chain|value chain]]. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
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== Modes of transport == | == Modes of transport == | ||
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:::::[[w:Containerization]] ( 1960's) - | :::::[[w:Containerization]] ( 1960's) - | ||
::::::[[w:liquified natural gas|LNG powered ships]] ( 2010's )'' | ::::::[[w:liquified natural gas|LNG powered ships]] ( 2010's )'' | ||
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== Logistics is flow == | == Logistics is flow == | ||
* '''[[w:Raw material|Raw material]] | * '''[[w:Raw material|Raw material]] [[w:Resource extraction|extraction]]''' and [[w:supplier|supply]] -> '''Component [[w:manufacturer|manufacturer]]s''' -> '''[[w:Final product|Final product]]''' manufacturing -> [[w:distribution (business)]] -> [[w:consumer|consumer]] | ||
* A '''[[w:lead time|lead time]]''' is the [[ | * A '''[[w:lead time|lead time]]''' is the [[:wikt:latency|latency]] (delay) between the initiation and execution of a process. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* '''[[w:Material flow|Material flow]]''' (MF) is the description of the transportation of raw materials, pre-fabricates, parts, components, integrated objects and finally products as a flow of entities. The term applies mainly to advanced modeling of [[w:Supply chain management|Supply chain management]]. As industrial material flow can easily become very complex [[w:Plant Simulation|Plant Simulation]] Software has been developed to simulate, visualize, analyze and optimize these processes. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Material flow|Material flow]]''' (MF) is the description of the transportation of raw materials, pre-fabricates, parts, components, integrated objects and finally products as a flow of entities. The term applies mainly to advanced modeling of [[w:Supply chain management|Supply chain management]]. As industrial material flow can easily become very complex [[w:Plant Simulation|Plant Simulation]] Software has been developed to simulate, visualize, analyze and optimize these processes. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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* The '''[[w:waste hierarchy]]''' is a classification of [[w:waste management]] options in order of their environmental impact, such as: [[w:Reduce (waste)|reduction]], [[w:reuse]], [[w:recycling]] and [[w:Energy recovery|recovery]]. | * The '''[[w:waste hierarchy]]''' is a classification of [[w:waste management]] options in order of their environmental impact, such as: [[w:Reduce (waste)|reduction]], [[w:reuse]], [[w:recycling]] and [[w:Energy recovery|recovery]]. | ||
* A '''[[w:flowchart|flowchart]]''' is a type of [[w:diagram|diagram]] that represents an [[w:algorithm|algorithm]], workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. ( Wikipedia ) | * A '''[[w:flowchart|flowchart]]''' is a type of [[w:diagram|diagram]] that represents an [[w:algorithm|algorithm]], workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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== Purchasing and logistics == | == Purchasing and logistics == | ||
* A '''[[w:requisition|requisition]]''' is a [[w:request|request]] for something, especially a formal written request on a pre-printed form. ( Wikipedia ) | :* A '''[[w:requisition|requisition]]''' is a [[w:request|request]] for something, especially a formal written request on a pre-printed form. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* '''[[w:Purchasing|Purchasing]]''' refers to a business or organization attempting to acquiring goods or services to accomplish the goals of its enterprise. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Purchasing|Purchasing]]''' refers to a business or organization attempting to acquiring goods or services to accomplish the goals of its enterprise. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
'''Supply management ~ [[w:purchasing|purchasing]]''' Involvement starts before a product is designed | |||
:: > '''[[w:Procurement|Procurement]]''' Involvement begins ''before a [[w:requisition|requisition]]'' is received | |||
:::: > '''Buying''' Involvement begins ''after a requisition is received'' ( Soile Kallinen ) | |||
* '''[[w:Purchase requisition|Purchase requisition]]''' Purchase Request is a precise document generated by an internal or external organization to notify the purchasing department of items it needs to order, their quantity, and the time frame that will be given in the future. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Purchase requisition|Purchase requisition]]''' Purchase Request is a precise document generated by an internal or external organization to notify the purchasing department of items it needs to order, their quantity, and the time frame that will be given in the future. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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* A '''[[w:purchase order|purchase order]]''' ('''PO''') is a [[w:Trade|commercial]] document and first official offer issued by a [[w:buyer|buyer]] to a [[w:vendor (supply chain)|seller]], indicating types, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer. Sending a purchase order to a supplier constitutes a legal offer to buy products or services. Acceptance of a purchase order by a seller usually forms a [[w:contract|contract]] between the buyer and seller, so no contract exists until the purchase order is accepted. ( Wikipedia ) | * A '''[[w:purchase order|purchase order]]''' ('''PO''') is a [[w:Trade|commercial]] document and first official offer issued by a [[w:buyer|buyer]] to a [[w:vendor (supply chain)|seller]], indicating types, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer. Sending a purchase order to a supplier constitutes a legal offer to buy products or services. Acceptance of a purchase order by a seller usually forms a [[w:contract|contract]] between the buyer and seller, so no contract exists until the purchase order is accepted. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
::: As always, '''[[w:offer and acceptance]]''' are required to '''form a contract''' ( Refresh from [[ | ::: As always, '''[[w:offer and acceptance]]''' are required to '''form a contract''' ( Refresh from [[Business Negotiations and Contracts]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Global sourcing|Global sourcing]]''' is the practice of [[w:sourcing|sourcing]] from the global market for goods and services across [[w:geopolitical|geopolitical]] boundaries. Global sourcing often aims to exploit global efficiencies in the delivery of a product or service. These efficiencies include low cost skilled labor, low cost raw material and other economic factors like tax breaks and low trade tariffs. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Global sourcing|Global sourcing]]''' is the practice of [[w:sourcing|sourcing]] from the global market for goods and services across [[w:geopolitical|geopolitical]] boundaries. Global sourcing often aims to exploit global efficiencies in the delivery of a product or service. These efficiencies include low cost skilled labor, low cost raw material and other economic factors like tax breaks and low trade tariffs. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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* '''[[w:Total quality management|Total quality management]]''' / '''TQM''' is an integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the [[w:Quality (business)|quality]] of products and [[w:business process|processes]]. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Total quality management|Total quality management]]''' / '''TQM''' is an integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the [[w:Quality (business)|quality]] of products and [[w:business process|processes]]. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
'''Order cycle system''': | |||
:# Order transmittal | |||
:# Order processing | |||
:# Order preparation | |||
:# Order shipment | |||
== See also == | |||
* '''[[w:Supply chain management software|Supply chain management software]]''' | |||
* '''[[w:Supply chain optimization|Supply chain optimization]]''' is the application of processes and tools to ensure the optimal operation of a manufacturing and distribution [[w:supply chain|supply chain]]. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Supply chain optimization|Supply chain optimization]]''' is the application of processes and tools to ensure the optimal operation of a manufacturing and distribution [[w:supply chain|supply chain]]. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* The '''[[w:Demand chain|Demand chain]]''' is that part of the [[w:value chain|value chain]] which drives demand. ( Wikipedia ) | * The '''[[w:Demand chain|Demand chain]]''' is that part of the [[w:value chain|value chain]] which drives demand. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* '''[[w:Demand chain management|Demand chain management]]''' (DCM) is the management of upstream and downstream relationships between [[w:supply chain|suppliers]] and [[w:customer|customer]]s to deliver the best value to the customer at the least [[w:cost|cost]] to the [[w:demand chain|demand chain]] as a whole. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Demand chain management|Demand chain management]]''' (DCM) is the management of upstream and downstream relationships between [[w:supply chain|suppliers]] and [[w:customer|customer]]s to deliver the best value to the customer at the least [[w:cost|cost]] to the [[w:demand chain|demand chain]] as a whole. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* | * [[w:|w:]] | ||