Editing User:Jukeboksi/BBA studies/Law
The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
Latest revision | Your text | ||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Q|'''Law''' is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior|Wikipedia|[[w:law|law]]}} | {{Q|'''Law''' is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior|Wikipedia|[[w:law|law]]}} | ||
{{Q|In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law.|Teacher|application of laws}} | {{Q|In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law.|Teacher|application of laws}} | ||
= How laws are structured / how to refer to law = | |||
*Luku n == chapter n | *Luku n == chapter n | ||
**Pykälä ( § ) n == section n | **Pykälä ( § ) n == section n | ||
***Momentti( 1,2,3.. ) == moment ( 1,2,3.. ) | ***Momentti( 1,2,3.. ) == moment ( 1,2,3.. ) | ||
= Where to find the law = | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ Legistlation of Republic of Finland and more online]''' in Finnish / suomeksi | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ Translations of finnish laws and regulations at finlex.fi]''' | * '''[http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ Translations of finnish laws and regulations at finlex.fi]''' | ||
* '''[http://lib.eduskunta.fi Library of The Parliament of Finland]''' is situated in the "Postitalo" right at the core of Helsinki ([http://lib.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/kirjasto/sijainti.htx map]). In addition to having all laws and all regulations | * '''[http://lib.eduskunta.fi Library of The Parliament of Finland]''' is situated in the "Postitalo" right at the core of Helsinki ([http://lib.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/kirjasto/sijainti.htx map]). In addition to having all laws and all regulations legistlated by the parliament, they offer wide variety of weekly and monthly magazines from all over the world. | ||
* Book: Access to Finnish Law by Aapo Surakka also available as an e-book | |||
= Business Law = | = Business Law = | ||
'''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''' is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. | '''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''' is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. | ||
Line 42: | Line 26: | ||
'''[[w:fi:Yritysjuridiikka|Yritysjuridiikka]]''' ( Commercial law practice ) on kauppatieteellinen tieteenala, jonka tarkoituksena on tutkia [[w:fi:liiketoiminta|fi:liiketoiminta]]a ja sen päätöksentekoa oikeudellisesta näkökulmasta.( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | '''[[w:fi:Yritysjuridiikka|Yritysjuridiikka]]''' ( Commercial law practice ) on kauppatieteellinen tieteenala, jonka tarkoituksena on tutkia [[w:fi:liiketoiminta|fi:liiketoiminta]]a ja sen päätöksentekoa oikeudellisesta näkökulmasta.( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | ||
'''[[w:Outline of commercial law| | '''[[w:Outline of commercial law|This article outlines commercial law]]''' and contains among other things | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Branches of commercial law|Branches of commercial law]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Branches of commercial law|Branches of commercial law]]''' | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#By region|commercial laws by region]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#By region|commercial laws by region]]''' | ||
Line 50: | Line 34: | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' | ||
* not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]''' | * not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Law classes == | |||
== Business Law - Lesson 1 - Introduction == | == Business Law - Lesson 1 - Introduction == | ||
* Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU | * Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU | ||
* In [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus ) | |||
* in .fi you have to pay only '''[[w:compensation]]''' ( [[w:fi:korvaus]] ) i.e. '''[[w:Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vahingonkorvaukset]] ) | |||
* In [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus ) | |||
* '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] ) | * '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] ) | * '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] ) | ||
Line 72: | Line 54: | ||
'''[[w:Corporate law]]''' (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how [[w:shareholders]], [[w:Board of directors|directors]], [[w:employees]], [[w:creditors]], and other stakeholders such as [[w:consumer]]s, the [[w:community]] and the [[w:environment (biophysical)|environment]] interact with one another. | '''[[w:Corporate law]]''' (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how [[w:shareholders]], [[w:Board of directors|directors]], [[w:employees]], [[w:creditors]], and other stakeholders such as [[w:consumer]]s, the [[w:community]] and the [[w:environment (biophysical)|environment]] interact with one another. | ||
:::Corporate law is a part of a broader '''[[w:companies law]]''' (or law of business associations). | :::Corporate law is a part of a broader '''[[w:companies law]]''' (or law of business associations). | ||
Relevant corporate laws in Finland are | Relevant corporate laws in Finland are | ||
Line 86: | Line 68: | ||
*'''Consumer complaint''' ( [[w:fi:Reklamaatio]] ) | *'''Consumer complaint''' ( [[w:fi:Reklamaatio]] ) | ||
*'''[[w:Contract|Contract]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimus]] ) ( See course '''[[ | *'''[[w:Contract|Contract]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimus]] ) ( See course '''[[Business Negotiations and Contracts]]''' as main article ) | ||
::* Both verbal and written are [[w:legally binding]] | ::* Both verbal and written are [[w:legally binding]] | ||
::* '''[[w:breach of contract|breach of contract]]''' ( sopimusrikko, sopimusrikkomus ) can land you and your business in [[w:court|court]]. | ::* '''[[w:breach of contract|breach of contract]]''' ( sopimusrikko, sopimusrikkomus ) can land you and your business in [[w:court|court]]. | ||
*'''[[w:Liability|Liability]]''' ( sitoumus, vastuu ) ( '''Obs.''' [[w:Liability ( | *'''[[w:Liability|Liability]]''' ( sitoumus, vastuu )( '''Obs.''' and [[w:Liability (finance)]] and '''[[w:Legal liability]]''' are two distinct things. ) | ||
*'''[[w:limited liability|Limitation of liabilities]]''' or full liability | *'''[[w:limited liability|Limitation of liabilities]]''' or full liability | ||
Line 132: | Line 114: | ||
Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law | Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law | ||
*'''[[w:Companies law]] ''' (or the [[w:law of business associations]]) is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations. | |||
:::'''[[w:Corporate law]]''' is a subset of companies law relating to incorporated bodies. | |||
*'''[[w:Consumer protection]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kuluttajansuojalaki]] ) it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia ) | *'''[[w:Consumer protection]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kuluttajansuojalaki]] ) it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
Line 156: | Line 141: | ||
{{Q|Private international law concerns relations across different legal jurisdictions between persons, and sometimes also companies, corporations and other legal entities|Wikipedia|Private international law according to [[w:Conflict of laws|Conflict of laws]] )}} | |||
{{Q|Public international law ( [[w:fi:Kansainvälinen oikeus]] ) concerns the structure and conduct of [[w:sovereign state|sovereign state]]s; analogous entities, such as the [[w:Legal status of the Holy See|Holy See]]; and [[w:intergovernmental organizations|intergovernmental organizations]]. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect [[w:multinational corporations|multinational corporations]] and [[w:individual|individual]]s, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement.|Wikipedia|[[w:Public international law|Public international law]]}} | |||
: | :{{Q|International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. International law differs from state-based [[w:legal systems|legal systems]] in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens.|Wikipedia|[[w:International law|International law]]}} | ||
* '''Sources of international law''' | * '''Sources of international law''' | ||
* '''Different [[w:legal system|legal system]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Oikeusjärjestys]] ) ( '''[[w:List of national legal systems|List of national legal systems]]''' ) | * '''Different [[w:legal system|legal system]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Oikeusjärjestys]] ) ( '''[[w:List of national legal systems|List of national legal systems]]''' ) | ||
* '''Basic [[w:legal principles]]''' and [[w: | * '''Basic [[w:legal principles]]''' and [[w:legistlation|legislative]] [[w:framework|framework]] of the [[w:European Union|European Union]] | ||
* '''[[w:Conflicts of laws|Conflicts of laws]]''' and '''[[w:jurisdiction|jurisdiction]]''' ( tuomiovalta tai toimivalta ) | * '''[[w:Conflicts of laws|Conflicts of laws]]''' and '''[[w:jurisdiction|jurisdiction]]''' ( tuomiovalta tai toimivalta ) | ||
* '''[[w:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' ( kiistanratkaisu ) | * '''[[w:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' ( kiistanratkaisu ) | ||
Line 171: | Line 156: | ||
* '''International [[w:competition law|competition law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kilpailuoikeus]] ) principles | * '''International [[w:competition law|competition law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kilpailuoikeus]] ) principles | ||
== International Law - Lesson 1 - | == International Law - Lesson 1 - introduction== | ||
* Prefer '''[[w:Arbitration|Arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:välimiesmenettely]] ) over going to [[w:court|court]] | * Prefer '''[[w:Arbitration|Arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:välimiesmenettely]] ) over going to [[w:court|court]] | ||
* Schools of thought defining the basis of international law: cosmopolitans, [[w:Legal positivism|legal positivists]] ( [[w:fi:oikeuspositivismi]] ) and hobbesians. | * Schools of thought defining the basis of international law: cosmopolitans, [[w:Legal positivism|legal positivists]] ( [[w:fi:oikeuspositivismi]] ) and hobbesians. | ||
Line 181: | Line 166: | ||
* A '''[[w:supranational]] union''' is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. ( Wikipedia ) | * A '''[[w:supranational]] union''' is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== International Law - Lesson 2 | == International Law - Lesson 2 == | ||
* '''[[w:NGO|NGO]]s''' ( [[w:fi:kansalaisjärjestö]] ) | * '''[[w:NGO|NGO]]s''' ( [[w:fi:kansalaisjärjestö]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Intergovernmental organization|IGO]]s''' | * '''[[w:Intergovernmental organization|IGO]]s''' | ||
Line 188: | Line 173: | ||
* [[w:European Court of Justice|European Court of Justice]] | * [[w:European Court of Justice|European Court of Justice]] | ||
*'''[[w:Civil law (legal system)]]''' ( [[w:fi:säädösoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w: | *'''[[w:Civil law (legal system)]]''' ( [[w:fi:säädösoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:tapaoikeus|tapaoikeus]] tai "maan laki" ) are competing legal systems | ||
'''Obs.''' In Finland ( Civil law ) you can be made to pay the legal fees of the winning party. In USA ( common law ) you don't have to. | |||
* '''Dispute [[w:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]''' | * '''Dispute [[w:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]''' | ||
== International Law - Lesson 3 - Intellectual property == | == International Law - Lesson 3 - Intellectual property == | ||
Line 246: | Line 231: | ||
= Business Negotiations and Contracts = | = Business Negotiations and Contracts = | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 1 - | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 1 == | ||
=== Terminology / vocabulary === | |||
* '''covenant''' == an agreement w/a specific promise to do or not to do something | |||
::: non-competition covenant | |||
* '''whereas''' == in contrast | |||
* injunction == obligation | |||
* '''breach''' == to break a boundary, to violate, to not fulfill | |||
* '''rescind''' cancel w/ effect of being the same position as before signing the contract | |||
* '''unwarranted''' == uncalled for, unjustified | |||
* '''contention''' == disagreement | |||
::: contentious ( adj. ) | |||
* '''efficacious''' == effective | |||
''Counter offer is interpreted as rejection of offer.'' | |||
* an offer => offeror - offeree | |||
* a lease => lessor - lessee | |||
* '''statute''' == law/rule | |||
---- | |||
=== About contracts === | |||
In '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:fi:tapaoikeus]] ) legal systems, a '''[[w:contract|contract]]''' is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more [[w:party (law)|parties]], each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. | In '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:fi:tapaoikeus]] ) legal systems, a '''[[w:contract|contract]]''' is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more [[w:party (law)|parties]], each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. | ||
::The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having [[w:legal capacity|legal capacity]] who exchange '''[[w:consideration|consideration]]''' to create "mutuality of obligation." ( Wikipedia ) | ::The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having [[w:legal capacity|legal capacity]] who exchange '''[[w:consideration|consideration]]''' to create "mutuality of obligation." ( Wikipedia ) | ||
Line 258: | Line 263: | ||
* '''[[w:Express contract|Express contract]]''' vs. '''[[w:Implied-in-fact contract|Implied-in-fact contract]] or implicit contract''' | * '''[[w:Express contract|Express contract]]''' vs. '''[[w:Implied-in-fact contract|Implied-in-fact contract]] or implicit contract''' | ||
A '''[[w:third party beneficiary|third party beneficiary]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kolmas osapuoli]] ), in the [[w:law|law]] of [[w:contract|contract]]s, is a person who may have the right to sue on a contract, despite not having originally been an active [[w:party (law)|party]] to the contract. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
An [[w:unenforceable|unenforceable]] contract or transaction is one that is valid, but which the court will not enforce. ( Wikipedia ) | |||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 273: | Line 276: | ||
:# Specifically adressed | :# Specifically adressed | ||
[[w:Contract of sale|Sale of Goods]] | [[w:Contract of sale|Sale of Goods]] legistlation and [[w:United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods|United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods]] affect sales of goods | ||
[[w:UNIDROIT|UNIDROIT]] is the [[w:International Institute for the Unification of Private Law|International Institute for the Unification of Private Law]] | [[w:UNIDROIT|UNIDROIT]] is the [[w:International Institute for the Unification of Private Law|International Institute for the Unification of Private Law]] | ||
Line 279: | Line 282: | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 3 | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 3 == | ||
'''[[w:Breach of contract|Breach of contract]]''' ( [[w:fi:sopimusrikkomus]] tai sopimusrikko ) is a [[w:legal|legal]] [[w:cause of action|cause of action]] in which a [[w:binding agreement|binding agreement]] or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. ( Wikipedia ) | '''[[w:Breach of contract|Breach of contract]]''' ( [[w:fi:sopimusrikkomus]] tai sopimusrikko ) is a [[w:legal|legal]] [[w:cause of action|cause of action]] in which a [[w:binding agreement|binding agreement]] or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
Line 296: | Line 299: | ||
# [[w:Delivery (commerce)|Delivery]] by [[w:common carrier|common carrier]] other then [[w:sales|seller]] ( loss of risk is transferred to buyer when delivery is completed as agreed in the contract ) ( Teacher ) | # [[w:Delivery (commerce)|Delivery]] by [[w:common carrier|common carrier]] other then [[w:sales|seller]] ( loss of risk is transferred to buyer when delivery is completed as agreed in the contract ) ( Teacher ) | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Confidentiality == | ||
* '''[[w:Confidentiality|Confidentiality]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vaitiolovelvollisuus]] ) is a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Confidentiality|Confidentiality]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vaitiolovelvollisuus]] ) is a set of rules or a promise that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
Line 304: | Line 307: | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 5 | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 5 == | ||
* '''remedy''' == '''[[w:Financial compensation|compensation]]''' == '''[[w:damages|damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) | * '''remedy''' == '''[[w:Financial compensation|compensation]]''' == '''[[w:damages|damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) | ||
Line 329: | Line 332: | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 6 | == Business Negotiations and Contracts - Lesson 6 == | ||
A '''[[w:power of attorney|power of attorney]]''' ('''POA''') or '''letter of attorney''' ( [[w:fi:valtakirja]], valtuutus ) is a written authorization to represent or act on another's behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter, sometimes against the wishes of the other's. ( Wikipedia ) | A '''[[w:power of attorney|power of attorney]]''' ('''POA''') or '''letter of attorney''' ( [[w:fi:valtakirja]], valtuutus ) is a written authorization to represent or act on another's behalf in private affairs, business, or some other legal matter, sometimes against the wishes of the other's. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 383: | Line 368: | ||
= Navboxen = | = Navboxen = | ||
{{Law}} | {{Law}} | ||
[[Category:realcontent]] | [[Category:realcontent]] | ||