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{{Q|'''Law''' is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior|Wikipedia|[[w:law|law]]}} | {{Q|'''Law''' is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior|Wikipedia|[[w:law|law]]}} | ||
{{Q|In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law.|Teacher|application of laws}} | {{Q|In law particular case interpretations are '''[[w:Deductive reasoning|deduced]]''' from the general law.|Teacher|application of laws}} | ||
= How laws are structured / how to refer to law = | |||
*Luku n == chapter n | *Luku n == chapter n | ||
**Pykälä ( § ) n == section n | **Pykälä ( § ) n == section n | ||
***Momentti( 1,2,3.. ) == moment ( 1,2,3.. ) | ***Momentti( 1,2,3.. ) == moment ( 1,2,3.. ) | ||
= Where to find the law = | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ Legistlation of Republic of Finland and more online]''' in Finnish / suomeksi | |||
* '''[http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ Translations of finnish laws and regulations at finlex.fi]''' | * '''[http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/ Translations of finnish laws and regulations at finlex.fi]''' | ||
* '''[http://lib.eduskunta.fi Library of The Parliament of Finland]''' is situated in the "Postitalo" right at the core of Helsinki ([http://lib.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/kirjasto/sijainti.htx map]). In addition to having all laws and all regulations | * '''[http://lib.eduskunta.fi Library of The Parliament of Finland]''' is situated in the "Postitalo" right at the core of Helsinki ([http://lib.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/kirjasto/sijainti.htx map]). In addition to having all laws and all regulations legistlated by the parliament, they offer wide variety of weekly and monthly magazines from all over the world. | ||
* Book: Access to Finnish Law by Aapo Surakka also available as an e-book | |||
= Business Law = | = Business Law = | ||
'''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''' is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. | '''Commercial law''', also known as '''[[w:business law|business law]]''' is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and businesses engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. | ||
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'''[[w:fi:Yritysjuridiikka|Yritysjuridiikka]]''' ( Commercial law practice ) on kauppatieteellinen tieteenala, jonka tarkoituksena on tutkia [[w:fi:liiketoiminta|fi:liiketoiminta]]a ja sen päätöksentekoa oikeudellisesta näkökulmasta.( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | '''[[w:fi:Yritysjuridiikka|Yritysjuridiikka]]''' ( Commercial law practice ) on kauppatieteellinen tieteenala, jonka tarkoituksena on tutkia [[w:fi:liiketoiminta|fi:liiketoiminta]]a ja sen päätöksentekoa oikeudellisesta näkökulmasta.( Suomenkielinen Wikipedia ) | ||
'''[[w:Outline of commercial law| | '''[[w:Outline of commercial law|This article outlines commercial law]]''' and contains among other things | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Branches of commercial law|Branches of commercial law]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Branches of commercial law|Branches of commercial law]]''' | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#By region|commercial laws by region]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#By region|commercial laws by region]]''' | ||
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* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' | ||
* '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' | * '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' | ||
* not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]''' | * not to forget '''[[w:Outline of commercial law#General commercial law concepts|General commercial law concepts]]''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
== Business Law classes == | |||
== Business Law | == Lesson 1 - Introduction == | ||
* Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU | * Choose '''[[w:arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:Välimiesmenettely]] ) as preferred method of '''[[w:dispute resolution]]''' especially if dealing with businesses outside of EU | ||
* In [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus ) | |||
* in .fi you have to pay only '''[[w:compensation]]''' ( [[w:fi:korvaus]] ) i.e. '''[[w:Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:Vahingonkorvaukset]] ) | |||
* In [[w:USA]] a company may have to pay '''[[w:punitive damages]]''' ( Rangaistusluonteinen vahingonkorvaus ) | |||
* '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] ) | * '''[[w:Legal personality]]''' ( [[w:fi:oikeushenkilö]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] ) | * '''[[w:Capacity (law)]]''' [[w:fi:oikeuskelpoisuus]] ( eri kuin [[w:fi:Oikeustoimikelpoisuus]] ) | ||
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'''[[w:Corporate law]]''' (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how [[w:shareholders]], [[w:Board of directors|directors]], [[w:employees]], [[w:creditors]], and other stakeholders such as [[w:consumer]]s, the [[w:community]] and the [[w:environment (biophysical)|environment]] interact with one another. | '''[[w:Corporate law]]''' (also called "company" or "corporations" law) is the study of how [[w:shareholders]], [[w:Board of directors|directors]], [[w:employees]], [[w:creditors]], and other stakeholders such as [[w:consumer]]s, the [[w:community]] and the [[w:environment (biophysical)|environment]] interact with one another. | ||
:::Corporate law is a part of a broader '''[[w:companies law]]''' (or law of business associations). | :::Corporate law is a part of a broader '''[[w:companies law]]''' (or law of business associations). | ||
Relevant corporate laws in Finland are | Relevant corporate laws in Finland are | ||
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* '''[[w:fi:Suomen arvopaperimarkkinalaki]]''' for PLC's. | * '''[[w:fi:Suomen arvopaperimarkkinalaki]]''' for PLC's. | ||
== | == Lesson 2 - Compensation law, product liability == | ||
* '''Compensation law''' | * '''Compensation law''' | ||
:* In law, '''[[w:Damages|Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] ) are an award, typically of money, to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury;. ( Wikipedia ) | :* In law, '''[[w:Damages|Damages]]''' ( [[w:fi:vahingonkorvaus]] )are an award, typically of money, to be paid to a person as compensation for loss or injury;. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
* '''[[w:Product liability]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tuotevastuu]] | * '''[[w:Product liability]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tuotevastuu]] is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
*'''Consumer complaint''' ( [[w:fi:Reklamaatio]] ) | *'''Consumer complaint''' ( [[w:fi:Reklamaatio]] ) | ||
*'''[[w:Contract|Contract]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimus]] ) ( See course '''[[ | *'''[[w:Contract|Contract]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimus]] ) ( See course '''[[Business Negotiations and Contracts]]''' as main article ) | ||
::* Both verbal and written are [[w:legally binding]] | ::* Both verbal and written are [[w:legally binding]] | ||
::* '''[[w:breach of contract|breach of contract]]''' ( sopimusrikko, sopimusrikkomus ) can land you and your business in [[w:court|court]]. | ::* '''[[w:breach of contract|breach of contract]]''' ( sopimusrikko, sopimusrikkomus ) can land you and your business in [[w:court|court]]. | ||
*'''[[w:Liability|Liability]]''' ( sitoumus, vastuu ) ( '''Obs.''' [[w:Liability ( | *'''[[w:Liability|Liability]]''' ( sitoumus, vastuu )( '''Obs.''' and [[w:Liability (finance)]] and '''[[w:Legal liability]]''' are two distinct things. ) | ||
*'''[[w:limited liability|Limitation of liabilities]]''' or full liability | *'''[[w:limited liability|Limitation of liabilities]]''' or full liability | ||
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#) A '''[[w:trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia ) | #) A '''[[w:trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== | == Lesson 3 - Contract law == | ||
Topics: '''Contract law''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimusoikeus]] ) deals with '''[[w:contract]]s''' | Topics: '''Contract law''' ( [[w:fi:Sopimusoikeus]] ) deals with '''[[w:contract]]s''' | ||
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* '''[[w:Collective bargaining]]''' ( kollektiivinen neuvottelu ) is a process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Collective bargaining]]''' ( kollektiivinen neuvottelu ) is a process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== | == Lesson 4 - Consumer law, companies law == | ||
Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law | Topics: Contract law continues, marketing and Consumer Law ( redirects to [[w:Consumer protection]] ), Companies law | ||
*'''[[w:Companies law]] ''' (or the [[w:law of business associations]]) is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations. | |||
:::'''[[w:Corporate law]]''' is a subset of companies law relating to incorporated bodies. | |||
*'''[[w:Consumer protection]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kuluttajansuojalaki]] ) it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia ) | *'''[[w:Consumer protection]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kuluttajansuojalaki]] ) it consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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* '''[[w:Convertible bond]]''' or a '''convertible note''' ( [[w:fi:vaihtovelkakirja]] ) (a convertible debenture if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of [[w:bond (finance)|bond]] that the holder can convert into shares of [[w:common stock]] in the issuing [[w:types of companies|company]] or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price. ( Definition ) | * '''[[w:Convertible bond]]''' or a '''convertible note''' ( [[w:fi:vaihtovelkakirja]] ) (a convertible debenture if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of [[w:bond (finance)|bond]] that the holder can convert into shares of [[w:common stock]] in the issuing [[w:types of companies|company]] or cash of equal value, at an agreed-upon price. ( Definition ) | ||
== | == Lesson 5 - Wrap up == | ||
Topics: [[w:Company law]] continues, wrap-up | Topics: [[w:Company law]] continues, wrap-up | ||
== | == Exam == | ||
Final examination | Final examination | ||
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{{Q|Private international law concerns relations across different legal jurisdictions between persons, and sometimes also companies, corporations and other legal entities|Wikipedia|Private international law according to [[w:Conflict of laws|Conflict of laws]] )}} | |||
{{Q|Public international law ( [[w:fi:Kansainvälinen oikeus]] concerns the structure and conduct of [[w:sovereign state|sovereign state]]s; analogous entities, such as the [[w:Legal status of the Holy See|Holy See]]; and [[w:intergovernmental organizations|intergovernmental organizations]]. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect [[w:multinational corporations|multinational corporations]] and [[w:individual|individual]]s, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement.|Wikipedia|[[w:Public international law|Public international law]]}} | |||
: | :{{Q|International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. International law differs from state-based [[w:legal systems|legal systems]] in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens.|Wikipedia|[[w:International law|International law]]}} | ||
* '''Sources of international law''' | * '''Sources of international law''' | ||
* '''Different [[w:legal system|legal system]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Oikeusjärjestys]] ) ( '''[[w:List of national legal systems|List of national legal systems]]''' ) | * '''Different [[w:legal system|legal system]]s''' ( [[w:fi:Oikeusjärjestys]] ) ( '''[[w:List of national legal systems|List of national legal systems]]''' ) | ||
* '''Basic [[w:legal principles]]''' and [[w: | * '''Basic [[w:legal principles]]''' and [[w:legistlation|legislative]] [[w:framework|framework]] of the [[w:European Union|European Union]] | ||
* '''[[w:Conflicts of laws|Conflicts of laws]]''' and '''[[w:jurisdiction|jurisdiction]]''' ( tuomiovalta tai toimivalta ) | * '''[[w:Conflicts of laws|Conflicts of laws]]''' and '''[[w:jurisdiction|jurisdiction]]''' ( tuomiovalta tai toimivalta ) | ||
* '''[[w:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' ( kiistanratkaisu ) | * '''[[w:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]]''' ( kiistanratkaisu ) | ||
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* '''International [[w:competition law|competition law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kilpailuoikeus]] ) principles | * '''International [[w:competition law|competition law]]''' ( [[w:fi:Kilpailuoikeus]] ) principles | ||
== | == Week 44 == | ||
* Prefer '''[[w:Arbitration|Arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:välimiesmenettely]] ) over going to [[w:court|court]] | * Prefer '''[[w:Arbitration|Arbitration]]''' ( [[w:fi:välimiesmenettely]] ) over going to [[w:court|court]] | ||
* Schools of thought defining the basis of international law: cosmopolitans, [[w:Legal positivism|legal positivists]] ( [[w:fi:oikeuspositivismi]] ) and hobbesians. | * Schools of thought defining the basis of international law: cosmopolitans, [[w:Legal positivism|legal positivists]] ( [[w:fi:oikeuspositivismi]] ) and hobbesians. | ||
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* A '''[[w:supranational]] union''' is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. ( Wikipedia ) | * A '''[[w:supranational]] union''' is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== | == Week 45 == | ||
* '''[[w:NGO|NGO]]s''' ( [[w:fi:kansalaisjärjestö]] ) | * '''[[w:NGO|NGO]]s''' ( [[w:fi:kansalaisjärjestö]] ) | ||
* '''[[w:Intergovernmental organization|IGO]]s''' | * '''[[w:Intergovernmental organization|IGO]]s''' | ||
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* [[w:European Court of Justice|European Court of Justice]] | * [[w:European Court of Justice|European Court of Justice]] | ||
*'''[[w:Civil law (legal system)]]''' ( [[w:fi:säädösoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w: | *'''[[w:Civil law (legal system)]]''' ( [[w:fi:säädösoikeus]] ) and '''[[w:common law|common law]]''' ( [[w:tapaoikeus|tapaoikeus]] tai "maan laki" ) are competing legal systems | ||
'''Obs.''' In Finland ( Civil law ) you can be made to pay the legal fees of the winning party. In USA ( common law ) you don't have to. | |||
* '''Dispute [[w:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]''' | * '''Dispute [[w:Settlement (litigation)|settlement]]''' | ||
== | == Week 46 - Intellectual property == | ||
* '''[[w:Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' ('''IP''') ( [[w:fi:Immateriaalioikeus]] ) is a [[w:law|legal]] concept which refers to creations of the mind for which [[w:exclusive right|exclusive right]]s are recognized. | * '''[[w:Intellectual property|Intellectual property]]''' ('''IP''') ( [[w:fi:Immateriaalioikeus]] ) is a [[w:law|legal]] concept which refers to creations of the mind for which [[w:exclusive right|exclusive right]]s are recognized. | ||
:::Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of [[w:intangible asset|intangible asset]]s, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. | :::Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of [[w:intangible asset|intangible asset]]s, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. | ||
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* '''A [[w:trademark|trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable [[w:sign (semiotics)|sign]], [[w:design|design]] or [[w:expression (language)|expression]] which identifies [[w:Good (economics and accounting)|products]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''A [[w:trademark|trademark]]''' ( [[w:fi:Tavaramerkki]] ) is a recognizable [[w:sign (semiotics)|sign]], [[w:design|design]] or [[w:expression (language)|expression]] which identifies [[w:Good (economics and accounting)|products]] or [[w:Service (economics)|services]] of a particular source from those of others. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
== | == Week 47 == | ||
* '''[[w:Bankruptcy|Bankruptcy]]''' ( [[w:fi:konkurssi]] ) is a legal status of a person or [[w:legal person|other entity]] that cannot repay the debts it owes to [[w:creditor|creditor]]s. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a [[w:court order|court order]], often initiated by the debtor. ( Wikipedia ) | * '''[[w:Bankruptcy|Bankruptcy]]''' ( [[w:fi:konkurssi]] ) is a legal status of a person or [[w:legal person|other entity]] that cannot repay the debts it owes to [[w:creditor|creditor]]s. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a [[w:court order|court order]], often initiated by the debtor. ( Wikipedia ) | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
== | == Week 49 == | ||
'''[[w:Risk|Risk]]''' can come in the form of [[w:Risk#Economic risk|economic risk]], [[w:financial risk|financial risk]] and [[w:legal risk|legal risk]] when doing international business. | |||
= Law and terminology regarding contracts = | |||
Contracts are covered in '''[[Business Negotiations and Contracts]]''' course | |||
' | |||
= Types of business entity in a nutshell = | = Types of business entity in a nutshell = | ||
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= Navboxen = | = Navboxen = | ||
{{Law}} | {{Law}} | ||
[[Category:realcontent]] | [[Category:realcontent]] | ||